The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern TimesBiese, Alfred
History
The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern Times
Biese, Alfred
Nature; Nature in literature
The heats of summer being over, autumn began to be temperate ...
we (two friends, a heathen and a Christian) agreed to go to the
delightful city of Ostia.... As, at break of day, we were
proceeding along the banks of the Tiber towards the sea, that the
soft breeze might invigorate our limbs, and that we might enjoy
the pleasure of feeling the beach gently subside under our
footsteps, Cæcilius observed an image of Serapis, and having
raised his hands to his lips, after the wont of the superstitious
vulgar, he kissed it.... Then Octavius said: 'It is not the part
of a good man, brother Marcus, thus to leave an intimate
companion and friend amidst blind popular ignorance, and to
suffer him, in such open daylight, to stumble against stones,'
etc.... Discoursing after this sort, we traversed the space
between Ostia and the sea, and arrived at the open coast. There
the gentle surges had smoothed the outermost sands like a
pleasure walk, and as the sea, although the winds blow not, is
ever unquiet, it came forward to the shore, not hoary and
foaming, but with waves gently swelling and curled. On this
occasion we were agreeably amused by the varieties of its
appearance, for, as we stood on the margin and dipped the soles
of our feet in the water, the wave alternately struck at us, and
then receding, and sliding away, seemed to swallow up itself. We
saw some boys eagerly engaged in the game of throwing shells in
the sea.... Cæcilius said: 'All things ebb into the fountain from
which they spring, and return back to their original without
contriver, author, or supreme arbiter ... showers fall, winds
blow, thunder bellows, and lightnings flash ... but they have no
aim.' Octavius answers: 'Behold the heaven itself, how wide it is
stretched out, and with what rapidity its revolutions are
performed, whether in the night when studded with stars, or in
the daytime when the sun ranges over it, and then you will learn
with what a wonderful and divine hand the balance is held by the
Supreme Moderator of all things; see how the circuit made by the
sun produces the year, and how the moon, in her increase, wanes
and changes, drives the months around.... Observe the sea, it is
bound by a law that the shore imposes; the variety of trees, how
each of them is enlivened from the bowels of the earth! Behold
the ocean, it ebbs and flows alternately. Look at the springs,
they trickle with a perpetual flow; at rivers, they hold on their
course in quick and continued motion. Why should I speak of the
ridges of mountains, aptly disposed? of the gentle slope of
hills, or of plains widely extended?... In this mansion of the
world, when you fully consider the heaven and the earth, and that
providence, order, and government visible in them, assure
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