Obligations of America to France.--Reasons for maintaining a close connexion with France. To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 12th, 1783, 75 Algiers.--Negotiations with Portugal. To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 13th, 1783, 77 Reasons for forming a treaty of commerce with the Emperor of Germany. To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 14th, 1783, 81 Jealousy of American ships and trade in France and England.--Proclamation of the English court permitting intercourse between America and the West Indies in British vessels.--Fish, potash and pearlash not admitted.--This measure is the result of French policy--Remedies to be applied by America. To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 14th, 1783, 85 Exclusive policy of the European powers in regard to commerce.--Views of Austria and Russia towards the Black Sea, the Danube, the Archipelago and Turkey. To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 15th, 1783, 88 Mr Hartley offers no definitive propositions.--"Observations on the American States." To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 16th, 1783, 89 Visit to the Count de Vergennes.--Conversation relative to the West India commerce.--Means of retaliating the British restrictions on the commerce with their islands.--The Americans ought to send ships to China.--Doubtful complexion of British politics. To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 17th, 1783, 94 Conversation with Mr Hartley on the English trade and policy in the East.--Importance of forming commercial connexions with the Dutch.--Conversation with the Duc de la Vauguyon relative to the French and English policy in Eastern Europe; on the colonial commerce.--The British restrictive policy will produce wars. To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 18th, 1783, 99 The United States must counteract French and British policy by forming connexions with other nations.--Necessity of a common authority in America for managing foreign affairs, regulating commerce, raising a revenue, &c.--The friendship of the Dutch must be secured. To Robert R. Livingston. The Hague, July 23d, 1783, 103 Sugar trade, and sugar refineries may be carried on by Americans as well as by the Dutch.--Conversation with M. Visscher and M. Van Berckel on the trade with the Dutch Colonies.--M. Van Berckel's remarks on a loan in Holland.--Conversation with the Prince of Orange on the ranks of foreign Ministers. To Robert R. Livingston. The Hague, July 25th, 1783, 109