The discovery and decipherment of the trilingual cuneiform inscriptionsBooth, Arthur John
History
The discovery and decipherment of the trilingual cuneiform inscriptions
Booth, Arthur John
Achaemenian inscriptions; Cuneiform inscriptions
Holtzmann has the merit also of rectifying several of Lassen’s verbal
errors. For example, he showed that ‘hadâ,’ which Lassen thought
signified ‘continually,’ in reality means ‘with.’[536] Of more importance
was his treatment of the word then read ‘Paru-ja’ (‘parauvaiy’).
Rawlinson had already annihilated two of Lassen’s provinces—Uscangha
(the Uxii) and Drangha (the Drangii)[537]—and Holtzmann now disposes of
the third—Paru-ja—which Lassen still cherished in 1845. Lassen derived
the word from the Sanscrit ‘parvata,’ ‘hill,’ and thought it was a
mountain district called Parutia, near the Persian frontier. Holtzmann
had recourse to the Sanscrit ‘purva’ (easterly), and translated the
sentence ‘the land of the east,’ meaning the eastern provinces whose
names followed.[538] When Holtzmann attempted the correction of longer
sentences he was not always so successful. For example, he rendered the
words that were then transliterated ‘jak’hija âwamâ (ma)nijâhja hak’â
ânijanâ mâ rçam imam Pârçam,’ ‘When one goes—from Anijana to the ocean,
this land they call Persia’!—the real meaning being ‘Wenn Du so denkst
vor Niemanden möchte ich zittern—so schütze dieses Persische Heer.’[539]
Another instance of ingenuity is the rendering of the line ‘hak’â
ânijanâ nija tᵃrçᵃtija,’ ‘ab Anjana usque ad Tarsatia’ (_sic_). It will
enable the reader to see how uncertain was the progress yet made when
these same words were rendered by Lassen, in 1844, ‘adoratio consecrata
contingit,’ and by Rawlinson, in 1846, ‘From the enemy feareth not’—which
closely approached the true translation: ‘fürchtet sich ... vor keinem
Anderen.’[540]
Sometimes, however, Holtzmann showed a marked improvement upon
Lassen. Thus the latter scholar translated the fiftieth line of the
Naksh-i-Rustam inscription ‘Auramuzdi adorationem attulere, quae
[regiones] illae palatium exstruxere.’ Holtzmann substitutes ‘Auromazdas
enim opem tulit dum opus feci,’ and Rawlinson, in 1846, correctly renders
the sentence ‘Aurmazd brought help to me so that I accomplished the
work.’[541]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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