State of feeling in England--Clergy and laity--The Clergy in a Praemunire--The Royal Supremacy--Hesitation at Rome--Submission of the Clergy--The meaning of the new title--More and Fisher--Alarm of the Emperor--Appeal of Catherine to him--Unpopularity of Anne Boleyn--Threats of excommunication--Determination of Henry-- Deputation of Peers to Catherine--Catherine's reply--Intolerable pretensions of the Emperor--Removal of Catherine from the Court 157 CHAPTER XI. Proposals for the reunion of Christendom--Warning addressed to the Pope--Address of the English nobles to Queen Catherine-- Advances of Clement to Henry--Embarrassments of the Pope and the Emperor--Unwillingness of the Pope to decide against the King-- Business in Parliament--Reform of the English Church--Death of Archbishop Warham--Bishop Fisher and Chapuys--Question of annates--Papal Briefs--The Pope urged to excommunicate Henry--The Pope refuses--Anger of Queen Catherine's Agent 175 CHAPTER XII. Henry advised to marry without waiting for sentence--Meeting of Henry and Francis--Anne Boleyn present at the interview--Value of Anne to the French Court--Pressure on the Pope by the Agents of the Emperor--Complaints of Catherine--Engagements of Francis-- Action of Clement--The King conditionally excommunicated--Demand for final sentence--Cranmer appointed Archbishop of Canterbury-- Marriage of Henry and Anne Boleyn--Supposed connivance of the Pope--The Nuncio attends Parliament--The Act of Appeals--The Emperor entreated to intervene--Chapuys and the King 192 CHAPTER XIII. The King's claim--The obstinacy of Catherine--The Court at Dunstable--Judgment given by Cranmer--Debate in the Spanish Council of State--Objections to armed interference--The English opposition--Warning given to Chapuys--Chapuys and the Privy Council--Conversation with Cromwell--Coronation of Anne Boleyn-- Discussions at Rome--Bull supra Attentatis--Confusion of the Catholic Powers--Libels against Henry--Personal history of Cromwell--Birth of Elizabeth--The King's disappointment--Bishop Fisher desires the introduction of a Spanish army into England-- Growth of Lutheranism 218 CHAPTER XIV. Interview between the Pope and Francis at Marseilles--Proposed compromise--The divorce case to be heard at Cambray--The Emperor consents--Catherine refuses--The story of the Nun of Kent--Bishop Fisher in the Tower--Imminent breach with the Papacy--Catherine and the Princess Mary--Separation of the Princess from her mother--Catherine at Kimbolton--Appeals to the Emperor-- Encouragement of Lutheranism--Last efforts at Rome--Final sentence delivered by the Pope--The Pope's authority abolished in England 243 CHAPTER XV.