“The Fisherman’s Porpoise,” _Natural History_, LXIII (1954), 231-232. Llano, George A. _Airmen Against the Sea._ Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama; Arctic, Desert, Tropic Information Center [1955 or 1956], p. 74. Longman, Heber. “New Records of Cetacea,” _Memoirs of the Queensland Museum_, VIII (1926), 266-278. Longus, Cornificius. _De Etymis Deorum._ Lucian. _Marine Dialogues._ 8. Lycophron. _Alexandra._ Nonnus Panopolitanus. _Dionysiaca._ VI, 265-266. Norman, John R., and Fraser, F. C. _Giant Fishes, Whales, and Dolphins._ London: Putnam, 1937. Oppian. _Halieutica._ I, 649-654, 1089; V, 422, 519f. Ovid. _Metamorphoses._ III, 1, 202. Pliny the Elder. _Natural History._ IX, 8, 24-28. Pliny the Younger. _Letters._ IX, 23. Plutarch. _On the Cleverness of Animals._ Porphyry. _De Abstinentia._ III, 16. Rabinovitch, Melitta. _Der Delphin in Sage und Mythos der Griechen._ Dornach: Hybernia-Verlag, 1947. “Saved by a Porpoise,” _Natural History_, LVIII (1949), 385-386. Schmidt, Bernhard. _Das Volksleben der Neugriechen._ Leipzig, 1871. Servius. _Commentarii in Vergilii Aeneidos._ III, 332. Stebbins, Eunice B. _The Dolphin in the Literature and Art of Greece and Rome._ Menasha, Wisconsin: Banta Publishing Co., 1929. Usener, Hermann. _Die Sintfluthsagen._ Bonn: F. Cohen, 1899. Xenophon. _Anabasis._ V, 4, 28. _Modern Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises, as Challenges to Our Intelligence_ By JOHN C. LILLY The intelligence of whales has been the subject of speculation by writers since Ancient Greece.[1][2] The discovery of the large brains of the Cetacea in the eighteenth century led to inevitable comparisons of these brains to those of the humans and of the lower primates. The winds of scholarly opinions concerning the whales have anciently blown strongly for high intelligence but during later centuries shifted strongly against high intelligence. At the time of Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) the dolphin, for example, was held in high esteem, and many stories of the apparently great abilities of these animals were current.[2] By the time of Plinius Secundus (A.D. 23-79) the beginning of a note of skepticism was introduced. Plinius said, “I should be ashamed to tell the story were it not that it has been written about by ... others.”[1]