[Footnote 198: Hunt's Merchants' Magazine, Vol. VI., p. 473.] [Footnote 199: Andrews: Slavery and the Domestic Slave Trade, p. 119.] [Footnote 200: Chambers: Am. Slavery and Color, p. 194.] [Footnote 201: Ibid., p. 148.] [Footnote 202: Census of 1830.] [Footnote 203: Census of 1840.] [Footnote 204: We do not know why unless it is because slaves being higher more care was taken of them, which as a consequence caused them to live longer.] [Footnote 205: For data upon which these arguments are based see Census Reports of 1830, 1840, and 1860.] [Footnote 206: Shaffner: The War in America, p. 256.] [Footnote 207: Ibid., p. 296.] [Footnote 208: Annual Report of Am. and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, 1850, p. 108.] [Footnote 209: Ibid.] [Footnote 210: Nehemiah Adams: Southern View of Slavery, p. 78.] [Footnote 211: Ford: Jefferson's Works. Vol. VI., pp. 416-417.] [Footnote 212: Ford: Jeff. Works. Vol. VI., p. 214.] [Footnote 213: Martineau: Retrospect of Western Travel, Vol. II., p. 5.] [Footnote 214: Evans: A Pedestrious Tour, p. 216.] [Footnote 215: Olmsted: Seaboard Slave States, p. 392.] [Footnote 216: Reed and Matheson: Narrative of a Visit to the American Churches, Vol. II., p. 173.] [Footnote 217: Charleston Courier (S.C.), Feb. 12, 1835.] [Footnote 218: Sequel to Mrs. Kemble's Journal, p. 1. (Yale) Slavery Pamphlet, Vol. XVII. De Bow's Review, Vol. XXIV., p. 595. Liberator, Sept. 7, 1860; also May 6, 1853.] [Footnote 219: National Era, June 10, 1847.] CHAPTER V. THE KIDNAPPING AND SELLING OF FREE NEGROES INTO SLAVERY. Virginia, as early as 1753, enacted a law against importation of free negroes for sale and stealing of slaves.[220] In 1788 another law was passed against kidnapping. It recited that several evil-disposed persons had seduced or stolen children or mulatto and black free persons; and that there was no law adequate for such offenses. This law made the penalty for such a crime very severe. Upon conviction the offender was to suffer death without benefit of clergy.[221] North Carolina had already (1779) enacted a law, with the same penalty, against stealing slaves and kidnapping free negroes.[222]