The author is greatly indebted to his friend, Mr. Thomas W. Cutler, F.R.I.B.A., for much valuable advice and assistance in the preparation of some of the illustrations; and he is similarly indebted to Mr. Arthur Blomfield-Jackson and the editors of the 'Lancet' and 'Practitioner.' For permission to use the diagram illustrating the Model By-Laws of the Local Government Board (p. 109) the thanks of the author are due to Messrs. Knight & Co. From Mr. George Pernet, B.A., M.R.C.S. &c., the author has received much assistance and many valuable suggestions during the passage of the work through the press. 32 Wimpole Street, _July 1897_ CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. Defects in Planning 1 II. The Sanitation of the Isolated Dwelling 32 III. Slop-water 69 IV. Overcrowding: Its Causes and Effects 90 V. The Circulation of Organic Matter 125 VI. The Soil in its Relation to Disease and Sanitation 152 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIG. PAGE 1. } 2. } Typical London House 4, 5 3. } 4. } Combined Staircase and Ventilated Lobby 10, 11 5. } 6. House with Staircase forming Ventilated Cut-off from Kitchen and Lavatory, &c. 12 7. Bungalow facing South 14 8. Convalescent Home 16 9. Stove with Air-inlet Underneath 17 10. Ventilating Panel in Door 17 11. Bedroom Window 22 12. } Cellar Window 29 13. } 14. Andover Houses and Garden 35 15. Garden at Andover 38 16. Section of 'Dry-Catch' Privy 40 17. Earth-closet with Ventilated Lobby 46 18. Section through Earth-closet and Dry Catch 47 19. Section of Dry Closet Pan 48 20. Urine Filter 51 21. Dry Urinal 57 22. Plan of Well, showing its relation to Paths and Hedge 65 23. Section of Well, showing Concrete Lining and position of Pump 65 24. Rustic Arch 77 25. Use of Arch for getting Waste Water clear of House 77 26. Filtration Gutter 79 27. Filtration Gutter on Bank 80 28. Kitchen Sink with Duplicated Outside Filter 82