Operation 2. Ironing or Saddening: Prepare a bath with 3-1/2 gallons nitrate of iron, 80 deg. Tw. Work the yarn in this for fifteen minutes, then wring out. The bath may be used again when 1 gallon of nitrate of iron is added for each lot of yarn worked in it. In place of the nitrate of iron, the pyrolignite of iron or iron liquor may be used. Operation 3. Liming: Work for ten minutes in a weak bath of milk of lime. Operation 4. Dyeing: This is done in a bath made from 10 lb. logwood extract and 1 lb. fustic extract. The yarn is entered into the cold or tepid bath, the heat slowly raised to about 150 deg. F, then kept at this heat until a good black is got, when the yarn is taken out, rinsed and wrung. The addition of the fustic extract enables a much deeper and jetter shade of black to be dyed. Operation 5. Saddening: To obtain a fuller black the dyed cotton is sent through a bath of 1-1/2 lb. of copperas, then washed well. Operation 6. Soaping: Work for twenty minutes in a bath of 2 lb. soap at 140 deg. to 150 deg. F. Then wash well. Much the same process may be followed for dyeing logwood black on warps and piece goods, jiggers being used for each operation. Another method is to first work the cotton in pyrolignite (iron liquor) at 10 deg. Tw., until it is thoroughly impregnated, then to dry and hang in the air for some hours, next to pass through lime water to fix the iron, and then to dye as before. _Continuous Process._--In this case a continuous dyeing machine is provided, fitted with five to six compartments. The cotton is first of all prepared by steeping in a bath of 12 lb. myrabolam extract for several hours, then it is taken to the continuous machine and run in succession through nitrate of iron liquor, lime water, logwood and fustic, iron liquor and water. The nitrate of iron bath contains 2 gallons of the nitrate to 10 gallons of water, and as the pieces go through fresh additions of this liquor are made from time to time to keep up the volume and strength of the liquor to the original points. The logwood bath is made from 10 lb. logwood extract and 1 lb. fustic extract, and it is used at about 160 deg. F. The quantities here given will serve for 100 lb. of cotton, and it is well to add them dissolved up in hot water in small quantities from time to time as the cotton goes through the bath. The iron liquor given after the dyeing contains 2 lb. of copperas in 10 gallons of water. Between the various compartments of the machine is fitted squeezing rollers to press out any surplus liquor, which is run back into the compartment. The rate of running the warp or pieces through should not be too rapid, and the dyer must adapt the rate to the speed with which the cloth dyes up in the dye-bath.