THE EARLY CHRISTIANS IN ROME BY THE SAME AUTHOR DREAMLAND IN HISTORY THE WHITE ROBE OF CHURCHES THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND: A HISTORY FOR THE PEOPLE (in Four Volumes) CLOISTER LIFE IN THE DAYS OF CŒUR-DE-LION CHRISTIANITY AND PAGANISM THE GOLDEN AGE OF THE CHURCH [Illustration: PAINTING IN THE CATACOMBS, CENTURY II OR III. THE GOOD SHEPHERD IN THE CENTRE. ON THE LEFT DANIEL IN THE DEN OF LIONS. ON THE RIGHT THE THREE CHILDREN IN THE FURNACE.] THE EARLY CHRISTIANS IN ROME BY THE VERY REV. H. D. M. SPENCE-JONES M.A., D.D. DEAN OF GLOUCESTER PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT HISTORY IN THE ROYAL ACADEMY WITH A FRONTISPIECE IN COLOUR AND TWELVE OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS SECOND EDITION METHUEN & CO. LTD. 36 ESSEX STREET W.C. LONDON _First Published_ _October 27th 1910_ _Second Edition_ _1911_ TO EDGAR SUMNER GIBSON, D.D. LORD BISHOP OF GLOUCESTER A GREAT SCHOLAR AND A WARM FRIEND PREFACE Of the five Books which make up this work, the _First Book_ relates generally the history of the fortunes of the Church in Rome in the first days. The foundation stories of the Roman congregations were laid largely by the Apostles Peter and Paul--Peter, so with one accord say the earliest contemporary writers,[1] being the first apostle who preached in Rome. Paul, who taught many years later in the Capital, was also reckoned as a founder of the Roman Church; for his teaching, especially his Christology, supplemented and explained in detail the teaching of S. Peter and the early founders. The First Book relates how, after the great fire of Rome in the days of Nero, the Christians came into prominence, but apparently were looked on for a considerable period as a sect of dissenting Jews. From A.D. 64 and onwards they were evidently regarded as enemies of the State, and were perpetually harassed and persecuted. No real period of “quietness” was again enjoyed by them until the famous edict of Constantine the Great, A.D. 313, had been issued. Although, through the favour of the reigning Emperor, a temporary suspension of the stern law of the State, sometimes lasting for several years, left the Christian sect for a time, comparatively speaking, at peace. The Persecutions, which began in the days of Nero, with varying severity continued all through the reigns of the Flavians (Vespasian, Titus, Domitian).