Chapman, S. J., Sir, _Lancashire Cotton Industry_, 40_n._, 72_n._, 137_n._, 143_n._, 163_n._; _Victoria County History of Lancashire_, 5_n._, 8_n._ Chapmen, see Travelling Merchants, 60, 61, 63-65 Checks, organisation of manufacture, 40-41; articles included in, 25; localisation of manufacture, 56; check-weavers’ turn-out and submission, 46-52 Checks and smallware, Act of 1702 indicates organisation of manufacture, 37; makers of, less numerous than fustian-makers, 39; organisation in middle of eighteenth century, 40. See Combinations Cheshire _v._ Lancashire. Spinning on Cheshire farms, 139_n._; Luddite risings, 154-155 Chester, petitioned to be sole port for Manchester cottons, 7_n._; food riots at, 86 Chetham, George, apprenticed to G. Tipping, 34; member of Merchant Tailors’ Company, 34; partnership with brother Humphrey, 34 Chetham, Humphrey, apprenticed to S. Tipping, 34; general merchant and manufacturer, 35; accounts of, 35; dealer in cotton and linen yarn, 35; employed spinners and weavers, 35-36; a capitalist clothier, 36; sold cotton and yarn in small quantities on credit, 36 Chetham, H. and G., business and capital of, xxiv.-xxv., 34; branches in Manchester and London, 34, 59; traded with Ireland, 59; not merely fustian dealers, 35; mainly engaged in home trade, 59; invest capital in land, 34 Chetham, James, 34 Chethams, engaged in cloth industry, 32-34, 39 Children, labour of, in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Manchester, 25-26 Chorley, factories attacked, 82, 92 Chowbent, 127-128 Clarke, _New Lancashire Gazetteer_, 128_n._, 129_n._ Clegg, A., 170 Clothiers, northern, of early sixteenth century, 30-32 Cloths, exports of, in 1594 and 1595, 7 Cole, _Some Account of Lewis Paul_, 76 Combination Acts expressed views of dominant political class, 146-147 Combinations, see Acts (1702, 1749), Mansfield (Lord); coming into existence in early eighteenth century, 52; link between earlier associations and trade unions, 52; various trades organised before 1790, 54_n._; in west of England textile industry, 52 and _n._; in check and smallware trades, 40-45; extended to country districts, 144; among mule-spinners, 144_n._ Communications, road and river, 62, 71 Companies formed in South Sea period to promote cotton manufacture, 19