The Early History of English Poor ReliefLeonard, E. M., of Girton College
History
The Early History of English Poor Relief
Leonard, E. M., of Girton College
Poor laws -- Great Britain -- History
These orders were put in force about May, 1571, and when they had been
adopted about a year the citizens enumerate the great advantages they
had derived from them. "Theis orders have been attried," they write,
and "put in practize in the seyd Citie and is founde to redowne to
theis commodities thereafter ensuing."
They proceed to enumerate the sums earned by nine hundred children at
sixpence a week; of sixty-four men "which dailie did begge and lived
ydlie and now beinge forced to worke" earned on an average a shilling
a week; and of one hundred and eighty women who earned twenty pence
each a week "one with another." Strange beggars were sent out of the
city, and the poor were better looked after and no longer had need of
collections for the healing of their miserable diseases. Altogether
the citizens reckoned they saved £2818. 1_s._ 4_d._ a year in money.
Besides this the most disorderly kinds of people no longer resorted
to the city "and the magistrates trobles for them be marvellouselye
easied."
This organisation of 1570 was essentially a municipal organisation, but
we can see that the statutes considerably influenced the town rulers
of the time. They had tried the semi-voluntary system of collection
authorised by the statute of 1563, and had found that funds could not
be collected in this manner. They therefore employed more compulsion
without any hesitation. They punished "according to the statute" people
who gave to beggars, and they added a special fine of their own. The
statutes themselves made the organisation for the collection of funds
municipal as well as parochial and it is interesting to see this double
system in working order. The deacons collected the rates of their
particular parishes and paid the pensions granted to the poor. But it
was the Mayor or his deputies who saw that everyone was assessed at
the proper amount. The payments of a parish did not necessarily meet
the expenses; the rich parishes paid for the poorer ones. The deacons
accounted to the aldermen responsible for the ward; and some paid to
them their surplus while others received the sums necessary to make up
the deficiency[233].
[233] A paper among the Norwich records contains the sums paid to the
aldermen and the amount given by them to the deacons of the different
parishes. Other accounts in the "Maiores booke" show the sums given by
the deacons and by the commissioners for the medical treatment of the
poor. Thus in 1571-2 a deacon paid iiii_d._ to "Glavin's wife to heal
Tom Parker's leg," while Mr Thomas Beament paid 6/8_d._ to "Mother
Colls for healinge a broken legg of Margarete Paine, a pore wydow in
the Normans."
Norwich seems to have been the first English town to prohibit begging
altogether; the system of licensed beggars was still employed in most
parts of the country.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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