The Early History of English Poor ReliefLeonard, E. M., of Girton College
History
The Early History of English Poor Relief
Leonard, E. M., of Girton College
Poor laws -- Great Britain -- History
justices of Wiltshire in 1597 probably under instructions from the
Council. The justices are ordered to see that the farmers "allowe one
bushell in every quarter to be solde by the pecke and halffe-pecke to
the poore at eightepence the bushell under the ordinarie price of the
market[281]"; they are also to take care that the markets are well
supplied with corn.
[275] Egerton MSS. 2644. Copy of a set of orders sent by Henry Mildmay
to the justices of a division of Essex. It is signed by Burghley and
other Lords of the Privy Council, and states that the orders issued in
Jan. of the 29th year of the Queen's reign were now renewed and that
these justices were to meet and put them in execution.
[276] "Par sa devise demesne." _Les Reportes del Cases in Camera
Stellata_, 1593-1609, John Hawarde, edited by W. P. Baildon, F.S.A., p.
19. Hawarde was a barrister of the Middle Temple: he wrote his volumes
from rough notes taken in Court, but does not seem to have verified his
references. _Ib._ Introd. p. vii.
[277] The Lord Treasurer and Lord Keeper.
[278] _Les Reportes_ (_l.c._) p. 21. June 3rd, 1595. On July 1st,
1596, the justices were again addressed and ordered to return home "in
regarde of eminent daungers." _Ib._ p. 56.
[279] A. Hamilton, _Quarter Sessions from Queen Elizabeth to Queen
Anne_, p. 17.
[280] Hamilton, _Quarter Sessions_, p. 16.
[281] Add. MSS. Brit. Mus. No. 32092, f. 145. See Appendix.
The Earl of Bath received letters concerning the high prices of corn at
Barnstaple and "he with other justices came to town, viewed the market
and set the price upon corn there, to wit wheat 9_s._, rye 6_s._,
barley 5_s._, oats 2_s._, threatening the seller with duress if he
sold for above that price[282]." Very little grain was to be had even
at high prices, and a Mr Stanbury was deputed to go to London in order
that he might help to purchase corn for the town. "God speed him well,"
writes Wyot, "that he may procure some corn for the inhabitants of this
town in this time of scarcity, that there is but little cometh to the
market and such snatching and catching for that little and such a cry
that the like was never heard." Barnstaple was not, however, at the end
of its troubles[283]; in 1597 wheat was sold at 15_s._ and 20_s._ the
bushel, and many of the inhabitants must have starved.
[282] In May 1596 the price of wheat at Barnstaple was 11_s._, rye and
barley 8_s._, oats 2_s._ 4_d._ "whereupon upon letters sent to the
Earl of Bath" presumably from the Council, he set the prices mentioned
in the text. _Barnstaple Records North Devon Herald_, June 3rd, 1880,
quoting from Wyot's Diary. Wyot's Diary is described as a small
quarto book of 52 leaves purporting to contain extracts from an older
manuscript. It was copied by William Palmer in the seventeenth century,
from the diary of Philip Wyot, who was Town Clerk between 1586 to 1608.
_Ib._ April 22nd, 1880.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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