The Early History of English Poor ReliefLeonard, E. M., of Girton College
History
The Early History of English Poor Relief
Leonard, E. M., of Girton College
Poor laws -- Great Britain -- History
On March 12th from Fropfield John Godden was presented for "being
drunk on the Sabbath day," John Roake "for liveing idlye," and four
others for "useinge unlawfull games in tyme of eveninge prayer." Five
children were also placed apprentices. From Petersfield there were
three cases of a man being accused of "liveinge idly and mainteyninge
himself none knowes howe." Warrants were sent for some others for
"teareinge of hedges." Six were fined a shilling each "for beinge
absent from diuine service," and John Aylenge paid eighteenpence as he
was suspected of being drunk. Richard Wolgatt was presented for keeping
"a common alehouse w^{th}out lycence but noe process beinge made to
convict him; yt was prohibited." The children fit for service of this
place also were placed apprentices. Similar cases were settled for the
other places at the other meetings. But the most important part of
the proceedings for our purpose is the presentment of the constables
and churchwardens. The constables and tithingmen stated what rogues
had been punished in every tithing, "the churchwardens and overseers
of the poore made presentm^t of the nomber of theire impotent poore
in theire severall parishes, the nomber of theire able poore and howe
they are releived and the other sett to worke and of all other thinges
concerninge theire office." At the fourth meeting, held on April 30th
at Petersfield, the accounts of the churchwardens and overseers were
taken and new overseers appointed for the next year. Moreover, besides
all this "articles in writing" were given to the constables, tithingmen
and overseers of which they were to give an exact account at the next
meeting.
The report for the town of Cambridge gives perhaps even a better idea
of the work done by the justices but no details of cases. As we shall
have to refer so often to these justices' reports, it is worth while to
quote this one in full in order that we may have a clear idea of what
these documents were like.
To the right Ho^{le}: the Lords and others of his Ma^{ties}
most Ho^{le} privy Councell.
The certificate of the Maior, Aldermen and Justice of the peace
w^{th}in the Towne of Cambridge and the lib(er)ties thereof
concerninge his Ma^{ties} orders and direccons sent unto us in printed
bookes together w^{th} letters from yo^r Hono^{rs} for the due
puttinge in execucon such Lawes as tend to the releivinge of impotent
poore people, settinge to worke those that be able, and punishinge
those that be idle, and reformeinge of divers abuses and disorders
therein menconed.
Humbly sheweth,
1. That accordinge to the said orders and letters, we presentlie uppon
receipt thereof did assemble o^rselues together and calld before us
the High Constables, petty Constables, Churchwardens, and overseers
of the poore of o^r said Towne and gave them strictlie in charge for
the performance of the service therein required accordinge to the said
orders and direccons.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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