§ 1. Lax administration of poor relief in England during the years of Civil War. (_a_) Decline of charitable institutions; (_b_) Neglect in execution of ordinary law; (_c_) Instances of corrupt practices. § 2. Attempts to regain a good organisation of poor relief under the Commonwealth. § 3. Reasons why disorganisation especially affected the provision of work for the unemployed. § 4. State of poor relief after the Restoration. § 5. Reasons for the failure to restore the old state of things during the Commonwealth. § 6. History of legislation on poor relief in Scotland (_a_) before 1597; (_b_) between 1597-1680. § 7. Failure of administration of poor relief in Scotland during the seventeenth century. (_a_) Responses of the Scotch justices to the orders of Council in 1623 show that they were unable or unwilling to enforce the Poor Law themselves, and left it to the kirk sessions; (_b_) Inadequate poor relief granted by the kirk sessions of Banff; (_c_) Relief of the poor in Aberdeen shows that the relief considered sufficient by the municipal rulers was double that which could be granted from the funds at the disposal of the kirk sessions; (_d_) Infrequency of assessment in Scotland before 1818; (_e_) Insufficiency of relief during the years 1692-1699; (_f_) Prevalence of begging in Scotland; (_g_) Reasons for the failure of Scotch administration. § 8. The history of poor relief in France. § 9. Comparison between the history of poor relief in England and that in France and in Scotland pp. 267-292 CHAPTER XIV. CONCLUSIONS. § 1. Summary of history of English poor relief before the Civil War. § 2. The political significance of the paternal measures of the Government. (_a_) Possible attempt to attach to the Government the poorer part of the nation; (_b_) Habitual use of proclamations and orders in Council for a popular purpose. § 3. Success of the enforcement of the Book of Orders in the reign of Charles I. § 4. Results of the effectual administration of the Poor Law on English social history pp. 293-304 APPENDICES. APPENDIX I. Extracts from the Journals of the Common Council of London. A. Copy of a precept issued for a collection for the poor issued in 1563. _Journals_ XVIII. f. 145 b p. 305 B. Copy in the Journals of a precept for a collection in February 1573/4. _Journals_ XX. I. f. 119 pp. 306-307 APPENDIX II. Extract from the census of the poor taken at Norwich recorded in the "Maioris Bocke for the Pore" pp. 308-310 APPENDIX III. Extracts from the "Orders for the poor" drawn up in Norwich, May 1571: pp. 311-315 Orders for the poor, p. 311; for the balie of Bridewell, p. 312; orders for children and others in wardes, p. 313; orders for the deacons, p. 314. _The Book for the Poore_, Norwich.