The oft-recurring formula, “both man, beast, and creeping thing and fowl of the air,” is found in the first chapter of Genesis, and so is said to be characteristic of P. Here J has it in vi. 7 and vii. 23, and the redactor is called in to square the document to the theory.... In all these changes we are supposed to have the work of a redactor. How is it possible? What motive could a redactor have had for it? It is claimed by our critics that he has left the principal points of contrast between the two great documents from which he compiled in their original ruggedness. The principal changes made, with rare exceptions, are of single words, detached phrases, verses or parts of verses,—every one of them changes in what was originally homogeneous matter to what is now heterogeneous, from what was once true, from the point of view of the document, to what is now false!’ Footnote 130: Cf. the plates in Flinders Petrie’s _Tel el-Amarna_ (Methuen and Co., 1894). Footnote 131: Literally, ‘Aten-Ra! the Record Office.’ Many of the bricks with the inscription upon them still lay on the spot when I visited it in 1888. Footnote 132: See my _Patriarchal Palestine_, p. 222. Footnote 133: Hommel, _Aufsätze und Abhandlungen zur Kunde der Sprachen, Literaturen und der Geschichte des vorderen Orients_, pp. 2 _sqq._ Footnote 134: See my _Higher Criticism and the Verdict of the Monuments_, pp. 56 _sq._ Footnote 135: The Elohist and the Chaldæan story further agree in making the hero of the Deluge the tenth in descent from the first man. Footnote 136: See my _Archæological Commentary on Genesis_, in the _Expository Times_, July and August, 1896. Footnote 137: Cf. Gunkel, _Schöpfung und Chaos_, p. 114. Footnote 138: See above, p. 13. Footnote 139: Naville, _Das aegyptische Todtenbuch der XVIII. bis XX. Dynastie_, Einleitung; Maspero, _Études de Mythologie et d’ Archéologie égyptiennes_, i. pp. 325-387. Footnote 140: _Sanctuary and Sacrifice_, by W. L. Baxter (Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1895). Footnote 141: Cowley and Neubauer, _The Original Hebrew of a Portion of Ecclesiasticus_, p. xviii. Footnote 142: Ham for Am or Ammon, and Zuzim for Zamzummim (Gen. xiv. 5); see my _Higher Criticism and the Verdict of the Monuments_, pp. 160, 161. Footnote 143: This probably stands for the Babylonian al-Larsa, ‘the city of Larsa.’ Footnote 144: _Contemporary Review_, February 1890, p. 221. Footnote 145: Mesha says in the inscription (l. 8): ‘Omri took the land of Medeba, and [Israel] dwelt in it during his days and half the days of his son, altogether forty years.’ The real length of time was not more than fifteen years. Footnote 146: