The early history of the HebrewsSayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
History
The early history of the Hebrews
Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Bible. Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.; Jews -- History -- To 953 B.C.
Two songs, attributed to Moses, are also incorporated in the book. They
seem to be a reflection of the curses and blessings pronounced
respectively on Ebal and Gerizim. The one paints the sufferings which
forgetfulness of Yahveh was to bring upon Israel; the other describes
the future happiness and glory of the several tribes. Chiefest among
them are Levi and the house of Joseph; ‘the precious things’ of the
Promised Land are reserved for Ephraim and Manasseh, whose warriors
shall drive the enemies of Yahveh to the ends of the earth. Levi shall
be the lawgiver and instructor of Israel, while Benjamin shall be the
‘beloved of the Lord,’ who shall ‘dwell between his shoulders’ at
Shiloh. Judah, on the other hand, stands in the background; little is
said of him except a prayer that he should be delivered from his
enemies. And Simeon is passed over altogether. It is plain that this
second song or ‘blessing’ must be of early date. It cannot be later than
the early days of the conquest of Canaan, when Ephraim and Manasseh were
still the most powerful of the tribes, and when the tabernacle of Yahveh
was erected at Shiloh. The tribes were still united among themselves;
they still recognised a common God and a common worship, and had not as
yet fallen upon the evil days depicted in the book of Judges. The tone
of the song throughout is that of triumph and success; the Israelites
must have still been in their first flush of victory, and the house of
Joseph have still been their leader in war. But history knows of only
two periods when such was the case; the one period that which followed
the conquest of the Amorite kingdoms east of the Jordan, the other
period that which saw Joshua the Ephraimite at the head of the armies of
Israel. Hebrew antiquity decided that it was to the first period that
the song belonged.[253]
The death of Moses was placed on the summit of one of the mountains of
Abarim—the mountains of the ‘Hebrews’—in the land of Moab over against
the temple of Baal-Peor. On the one side he looked down upon the scene
of his last victory over the opponents of his law, on the place where
the Midianites and their Israelitish sympathisers had been slain; on the
other side lay the Land of Promise, to the borders of which he had led
his people. The peak of Pisgah on which he stood had been dedicated in
old days to the worship of Nebo, the Babylonian god of prophecy and
literature, the interpreter of the will of Merodach, the supreme
divinity of Babylon. It was no accident that the prophet and legislator
of Israel, the interpreter of the will of Yahveh, should die on the same
mountain-peak.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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