The early history of the HebrewsSayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
History
The early history of the Hebrews
Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Bible. Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.; Jews -- History -- To 953 B.C.
The memory of the sacrifice was never forgotten. It became a custom in
Israel, we are told, for the Israelitish maidens year by year to
‘lament’ for four whole days the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite. It
has been maintained that this custom was the origin of the story, and
that the lamentation was not for the daughter of a Hebrew judge, but for
some mountain goddess who corresponded with the Phœnician god Adonis. As
the maidens of Phœnicia once each year mourned the death of Adonis, so
the maidens of Gilead bewailed the untimely death of a virgin goddess.
But the theory is part of that reconstruction of ancient Israelitish
history, one of the postulates of which is that a custom has never
arisen out of a historical incident. The historian, on the other hand,
finds in the story evidences of its truth. There is no trace elsewhere
of such a goddess as the story demands, or of an anniversary of
lamentation in her honour, while the account of the vow and its
fulfilment is in thorough harmony with the beliefs and customs of the
time. It is wholly contrary to the spirit of later Israel as well as to
the feelings of those who adhered faithfully to the Mosaic Law. If the
story were an invention, it must have originated either in the days when
human sacrifice was still practised, or else in the later period when it
was regarded with abhorrence. In either case, its invention would be
inconceivable. In the earlier period there would have been no reason to
invent what actually took place; in the later period, the character of a
judge and deliverer of Israel would never have been needlessly
blackened. Moreover, the belief that the first thing met with on leaving
or entering a house is unlucky and devoted to the gods, is a belief
which is probably as old as humanity. It still survives in our own
folklore, and testifies to a time when he who first left the protection
of the hearth and threshold could be claimed by the powers of the other
world.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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