The early history of the HebrewsSayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
History
The early history of the Hebrews
Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Bible. Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.; Jews -- History -- To 953 B.C.
Nevertheless, there may be an element of truth in the ‘critical’
assumption. The names of the ancestors of some of the Israelitish tribes
may have been the reflex of the later names of the tribes themselves. It
does not follow that the name by which one of the sons of Jacob became
known to later generations was actually the name which he bore himself.
Had Jacob been uniformly called Israel by the Hebrew writers, we should
never have known his original name. And it is possible that the name of
Asher is really a reflex of this kind. The _Travels of the Mohar_,
written in Egypt in the reign of Ramses II. before the Israelitish
conquest of Canaan, speak of ‘the mountain of User’ as being in the very
locality in which the tribe of Asher was afterwards settled. And in the
case of one tribe at least there is evidence that its name must have
been reflected back upon that of its progenitor.
This is the tribe of Benjamin. In the book of Genesis (xxxv. 18)
Benjamin is represented as having received two different names at his
birth. The statement excites our suspicion, for such a double naming is
inconsistent with Hebrew practice, and our suspicion is confirmed when
we find that both names have a geographical meaning. Benjamin is ‘the
son of the South’ or ‘Southerner’; Ben-Oni, as he is also said to have
been called, is ‘the son of On,’ or ‘the Onite.’ On, or Beth-On, it will
be remembered, was an ancient name of Beth-el, the great sanctuary and
centre of the tribe of Benjamin, while ‘the Southerner’ was an
appropriate title for the lesser brother tribe which lay to the south of
the dominant Ephraim. It is of Ephraim that Deborah says, in her Song of
Triumph, ‘Behind thee is Benjamin among thy peoples’ (Judg. v. 14).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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