Thus in the Tel el-Amarna tablets, Rib-Hadad, the governor of Phœnicia, asks the Pharaoh to send corn to Gebal, as the crops there had failed (Winckler and Abel, No. 48, ll. 8-19), and Meneptah sent corn to the Hittites when they suffered from a famine (Brugsch, _Egypt under the Pharaohs_, Eng. tr., 2nd edit., ii. p. 119). Footnote 118: According to Abulfarag (_Chron._ p. 14), Joseph became Vizier in the seventeenth year of the reign of Apopi. Maspero (_Struggle of the Nations_, pp. 59, 107) makes Apopi Ra-aa-kenen the third of the name. Footnote 119: See Maspero’s translation in _Records of the Past_, new ser., ii. pp. 37 _sq._ Footnote 120: E. Naville, _Goshen and the Shrine of Saft el-Hennah_, Fourth Memoir of the Egypt Exploration Fund (1887), pp. 14 _sq._ Footnote 121: See Naville, _Goshen_, p. 26. Footnote 122: _Bibl. Hist._, i. 91. Footnote 123: N. H. xix. 5. Footnote 124: Abel-Mizraim may be the Abel that is mentioned in connection with the ‘gardens,’ the ‘tilth,’ and the ‘spring’ of Carmel of Judah in the list of places in Canaan conquered by Thothmes III. (No. 92). Another Abel is mentioned two names earlier (No. 90). Footnote 125: See Virey’s translation in _Records of the Past_, new ser., iii. p. 34. CHAPTER II THE COMPOSITION OF THE PENTATEUCH The Literary Analysis and its Conclusions—Based on a Theory and an Assumption—Weakness of the Philological Evidence—Disregard of the Scientific Method of Comparison—Imperfection of our Knowledge of Hebrew—Archæology unfavourable to the Higher Criticism—Analysis of Historical Sources—Tel el-Amarna Tablets—Antiquity of Writing in the East—The Mosaic Age highly Literary—Scribes mentioned in the Song of Deborah—The Story of the Deluge brought from Babylonia to Canaan before the time of Moses—The Narratives of the Pentateuch confirmed by Archæology—Compiled from early Written Documents—Revised and re-edited from time to time—Three Strata of Legislation—Accuracy in the Text—Tendencies—Chronology. The book of Genesis ends with the death of Joseph. When the five books of the Pentateuch were divided from one another we do not know. The division is older than the Septuagint translation, older too than the time when the Law of Moses was accepted by the Samaritans as divinely authoritative. As far back as we can trace the external history of the Pentateuch, it has consisted of five books divided from one another as they still are in our present Bibles.