[278] Fosbroke's _History of Gloucester_ attributes this bailey to Maurice, son of Robert Fitzhardinge. One of the most interesting features in this highly interesting castle is the wooden pentice leading from the main stairway of the keep to the chamber called Edward II.'s. Though a late addition, it is a good instance of the way in which masonry was eked out by timber in mediæval times. [279] Clark, _M. M. A._, i., 229. [280] D. B., i., 163. [281] _Victoria County History of Herts_, from which the description of these earthworks is entirely taken. [282] _Mon. Ang._, vii., 1090. [283] They were excavated by Mr Montgomerie in 1905, and no trace of masonry was found. [284] Roger of Wendover, 1216. [285] D. B., i., 163. [286] The charter, which is in both Anglo-Saxon and Latin, is given in Dugdale's _History of St Paul's_, 304. [287] See _Freeman_, ii., 356; and D. B., i., 134a. [288] From report by Mr D. H. Montgomerie. [289] _Waytemore_ has sometimes been identified with the puzzling Wiggingamere, but in defiance of phonology. [290] D. B., i., 351b. [291] _M. A._, vi., 86. [292] _Itin._, i., 27. [293] _Associated Archæological Societies_, VI., ix. [294] Report by Mr D. H. Montgomerie. [295] Ipse Willielmus tenet Wasingetune. Guerd Comes tenuit T. R. E. Tunc se defendebat pro 59 hidis. Modo non dat geldum. In una ex his hidis sedet castellum Brembre. D. B., i., 28a, 1. [296] We often find that the architecture of the nearest church throws light on the date of the castle. A Norman seldom built or restored his castle without doing something for the church at the same time. [297] See Ordericus, ii., 178. [298] The _Chronica de Fundatoribus of Tewkesbury Abbey_ seems to be the origin of the tradition that Earl Robert was the builder of Bristol Castle. There can be no doubt that his work was in stone, as the same authority states that he gave every tenth stone to the Chapel of Our Lady in St James' Priory. _M. A._, ii., 120. According to Leland, the keep was built of Caen stone. _Itin._, vii., 90. Robert of Gloucester calls it the flower of all the towers in England. [299] We have no historical account of the Norman conquest of Bristol, and the city is only mentioned in the most cursory manner in D. B. [300] Seyer (_Memoirs of Bristol_, i.) was convinced that the plan published by Barrett, and attributed to the monk Rowlie, was a forgery; his own plan, as he candidly admits, was largely drawn from imagination. [301] Castellum plurimo aggere exaltatum. _Gesta Stephani_, 37. [302] Seyer, i., 391, and ii., 82. [303] Quoted by Seyer, ii., 301, from _Prynne's Catal._, p. 11. [304] Calculated from the measurements given by William of Worcester. _Itin._, p. 260. William probably alludes to the motte when he speaks of the "mayng round" of the castle. [305] _Benedict of Peterborough_, i., 92. [306] _Hist. of Bristol_, i., 373. [307] _Ibid._, vol. ii.