[447] The whole of this passage is worth quoting: "Castellum in ea situm, editissimo aggere sublatum, muro inexpugnabile obseptum, turribus Cæsarianis inseissili calce confectis firmatum. Agmine peditum instructissime armato exterius promurale, quod ad castellum muniendum aggere cumulatissimo in altum sustollebatur, expulsis constanter hostibus suscepit, pontemque interiorem, quo ad urbem de castello incessus protendebatur, viriliter infregit, lignorumque ingentia artificia, quibus de muro pugnare intentibus resisteretur, mire et artificiose exaltavit. Die etiam et noctu graviter et intente obsidionem clausis inferre; nunc cum armatis aggerem incessu quadrupede conscendentibus rixam pugnacem secum committere; nunc cum innumeris fundatoribus, qui e diverso conducti fuerunt, intolerabile eos lapidum grandine infestare; aliquando autem ascitis eis, qui massæ subterranæ cautius norunt venus incidere, ad murum diruendum viscera terræ scutari præcipere: nonnunquam etiam machinas diversi generis, alias in altum sublatis, alias humo tenus depressas, istas ad inspiciendam quidnam rerum in castello gereretur, illas ad murum quassandum vel obruendum aptare." _Gesta Stephani_, R. S., 23. [448] _Pipe Rolls_, 1169-1186. [449] The difficulty about this, however, is that passages branch off from the central cave in every direction. [450] Oliver's _History of Exeter_, p. 186. [451] [Willelmus Malet] fecit suum castellum ad Eiam. D. B., ii., 379. For Malet, see Freeman, _N. C._, 466, note 4. [452] "In operatione castelli de Eya et reparatione veterarum bretascharum et 2 novarum bretascharum et fossatorum et pro carriagio et petra et aliis minutis operationibus 20_l._ 18_s._ 4_d._" _Pipe Rolls_, xix., 19 Henry II. The small quantity of stone referred to here can only be for some auxiliary work. The _bretasches_ in this case will be mural towers of wood. "In emendatione palicii et 1 exclusæ vivarii et domorum castelli 20_s._" 28 Henry II. [453] D. B., ii., 319, 320. [454] D. B., i., 162. "Sedecim domus erant ubi sedet castellum, quæ modo desunt, et in burgo civitatis sunt wastatæ 14 domus." [455] Rudge, _History of Gloucester_, p. 7. Haverfield, _Romanisation of Britain_, p. 204. [456] It is, however, possible that by the _burgus_ may be meant a later quarter which had been added to the city. [457] Fosbroke's _History of Gloucester_, pp. 125, 126. Stukeley, writing in 1721, says: "There is a large old gatehouse standing, and near it the castle, with a very high artificial mount or keep nigh the river." _Itin. Cur._, i., 69. [458] "Of al partes of yt the hy tower _in media area_ is most strongest and auncient." Leland, _Itin._, iii., 64. [459] "In excambium pro placea ubi nunc turris stat Gloucestriæ, ubi quondam fuit ortus monachorum." _Mon. Ang._, i., 544. The document is not earlier than Henry II.'s reign. [460] Round, _Studies in Domesday_, p. 123.