[435] D. B., ii., 192. [436] "Alured de Merleberge tenet castellum de Ewias de Willelmo rege. Ipse rex enim concessit ei terras quas Willelmus comes ei dederat, qui hoc castellum refirmaverat, hoc est, 5 carucatas terræ ibidem.... Hoc castellum valet 10_l_." D. B., i., 186a. As there is no statement of the value in King Edward's day, we cannot tell whether it had risen or fallen. [437] _Feudal England_, p. 324. The present writer was led independently to the same conclusion. Pentecost was the nickname of Osbern, son of Richard Scrob, one of Edward's Norman favourites, to whom he had given estates in Herefordshire. Osbern fled to Scotland in 1052, but he seems to have returned, and was still holding lands in "the castelry of Ewias" at the time of the Survey, though his nephew Alured held the castle. See Freeman, _N. C._, ii., 345, and _Florence of Worcester_, 1052. [438] "Locum vero intra moenia ad extruendum castellum delegit, ibique Baldwinum de Molis, filium Gisleberti comitis, aliosque milites præcipuos reliquit, qui necessarium opus conficerent, præsidioque manerunt." Ordericus, ii., 181. [439] Exeter is one of the few cities where a tradition has been preserved of the site of the Saxon royal residence, which places it in what is now Paul Street, far away from the present castle. Shorrt's _Sylva Antiqua Iscana_, p. 7. [440] "In hac civitate vastatæ sunt 48 domi postquam rex venit in Angliam." D. B., i., 100. [441] _Norman Conquest_, iv., 162. [442] The outer ditch may have been of Roman origin, but in that case it must have been carried all round the city, and we are unable to find whether this was the case or not. The banks on the north and east sides must also have been of Roman origin, and if we rightly understand the statements of local antiquaries, the Roman city wall stood upon them, and has actually been found _in situ_, cased with mediæval rubble. _Report of Devon Association_, 1895. [443] This resemblance to a pit may be seen in every motte which still retains its ancient earthen breast-work, as at Castle Levington, Burton in Lonsdale, and Castlehaugh, Gisburne. Perhaps this is the reason that we so frequently read in the _Pipe Rolls_ of "the houses _in_ the motte" (domos in Mota) instead of _on_ the motte. Devizes Castle is another and still more striking instance. [444] Professor Baldwin Brown, _The Arts in Early England_, ii., 82. [445] "In custamento gaiole in ballia castelli, £16, 15s. 8d." [446] Cited by Dr Oliver, "The Castle of Exeter," in _Arch. Journ._, vii., 128.