[495] Exeter and Tickhill are instances of early Norman gateways, and at Ongar and Pleshy there are fragments of early gateways, though there are no walls on the banks. We have already seen that Arundel had a gateway which cannot be later than Henry I.'s time. [496] D. B., i., 26a, 1. [497] "De predictis wastis mansionibus propter castellum destructi fuerunt 166." D. B., i., 336b, 2. [498] "In reversione sua Lincoliæ, Huntendonæ, et Grontebrugæ castra locavit." Ordericus, 185 (Prévost). [499] At present the bank is wanting on a portion of the south side, between the two mottes. [500] Mr Clark gravely argues that the houses were inside what he believes to have been the Saxon castle. There is not a vestige of historical evidence for the existence of any castle in Lincoln in the Saxon period. [501] Stephen gave Ralph the castle and city of Lincoln, and gave him leave to fortify one of the towers in Lincoln Castle, and have command of it until the king should deliver to him the castle of Tickhill; then the king was to have the city and castle of Lincoln again, excepting the earl's own tower, which his mother had fortified. His mother was Lucy, daughter of Ivo Taillebois; and as the principal tower was known as the Luce Tower, the masonry may have been her work. In that case the Norman work on the smaller motte may be due to Ralph Gernon, and may possibly be the _nova turris_ which was repaired in John's reign. _Pipe Roll_, 2 John. Stephen's charter is in Farrer's _Lancashire Pipe Rolls_. [502] "In custamento firmandi ballium castelli Lincoll." _Pipe Roll_, 5 Richard I. In an excavation made for repairs in modern times it was found that this wall rested on a timber frame-work, a device to avoid settling, the wall being of great height and thickness. Wilson, Lincoln Castle, _Proc. Arch. Inst._, 1848. [503] D. B., i. 336b, 2: "Tochi filius Outi habuit in civitate 30 mansiones præter suam hallam, et duas ecclesias et dimidiam, et suam hallam habuit quietam ab omni consuetudine.... Hanc aulam tenuit Goisfredus Alselin et suus nepos Radulfus. Remigius episcopus tenet supradictas 30 mansiones ita quod Goisfredus nihil inde habet." [504] "In castello Monemouth habet Rex in dominio 4 carucas. Willelmus filius Baderon custodit eas. Quod rex habet in hoc castello valet c solidos." D. B., 180b. [505] _Liber Landavensis_, Evans' edition, pp. 277-278. See also Round's _Calendar of Documents Preserved in France_, p. 406. [506] _Theatre of Britain_, p. 107. [507] Speed's map shows the curtain wall surrounding the top of the hill and also a large round tower towards the N.E. part, but not standing on any "other mount." The square keep is not indicated separately. It must be remembered that Speed's details are not always accurate or complete.