The English Church--Schools of Clergy--Rise of Becket--Quarrel with the King--Exile--Death 58 CHAPTER V. THE LATTER YEARS OF HENRY II. Continued Reforms--Revolt of 1173-1174--Renewed industry of Henry--His later years--Quarrel with Richard--Fall and death 85 CHAPTER VI. RICHARD CŒUR DE LION. Character of the Reign--Richard’s first visit to England--His character--The Crusade--Fall of Longchamp--Richard’s second visit--His struggle with Philip--His death 110 CHAPTER VII. JOHN. John’s succession--Arthur’s claims--Loss of Normandy--Quarrel with the Church--Submission to the Pope--Quarrel with the Barons--The Great Charter and its consequences--Arrival of Lewis--John’s death 136 CHAPTER VIII. HENRY III. Character of Henry--Administration of William Marshall--Hubert de Burgh--Henry his own minister--Foreign favorites--General misgovernment--Papal intrigue and taxation 161 CHAPTER IX. SIMON DE MONTFORT. Delay of the Crisis--Simon de Montfort--Parliament of 1258--Provisions of Oxford--Political troubles--Award of St. Lewis--Battle of Lewes--Baronial government--Battle of Evesham--Closing years 189 CHAPTER X. EDWARD I. Position and character of Edward--The Crusade--The accession--The conquest of Wales--Edward’s legal reforms--Financial system--Growth of Parliament 212 CHAPTER XI. THE CONFIRMATION OF THE CHARTERS. Punishment of the Judges--Banishment of the Jews--Scottish succession--The French quarrel--The Ecclesiastical quarrel--The Constitutional crisis--The Confirmation of the Charters--Parliament of Lincoln--Its sequel--War of Scottish Independence--Edward’s death 238 CHAPTER XII. EDWARD II. Character of Edward II.--Piers Gaveston--The Ordinances--Thomas of Lancaster--The Despensers--The King’s ruin and death 263 INDEX 291 MAPS. MEDIEVAL EUROPE _To face Title_ ENGLAND AND FRANCE (1152-1327) ” _p._ 34 THE EARLY PLANTAGENETS. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION. Importance of the Epoch--Its character in French and German History--In English History--Geographical Summary--Italy--Germany--France--Spain. [Sidenote: Various areas and stages of human history. ]