Great Britain -- History -- Plantagenets, 1154-1399; Plantagenet, House of
Under these circumstances it is not difficult to see that Henry’s
policy, however ambitious he might be, was peace; at all events, peace
long enough to consolidate his dominions and crush antagonism in
detail. And this must account for the fact that, with the exception of
the war of Toulouse, in which Louis VII. took part, not as a principal
but as an ally of the count, there was no overt war between Eleanor’s
two husbands until it was produced by an entirely new quarrel. It could
not be expected that there should be any love or friendship, but there
was peace. Henry’s policy was peace; Lewis was averse to war, having
neither skill nor resources. All Henry’s French campaigns, then, during
this period were occasioned by the circumstances which have been thus
stated. The object of the war of 1156 was, sad to say, the subjugation
of Geoffrey of Nantes, the king’s own brother, who submitted to him,
after he had taken his castles one by one, in the July of that year,
and who died two years after. The business of 1158 was to secure the
territories that Geoffrey had left without heirs, and, that done, to
prepare for the enforcement of Eleanor’s claims on Toulouse.
[Sidenote:
War of
Toulouse,
1159.
]
The war of Toulouse, with its preparations and results, occupied
the greater part of 1159, although the campaign itself was short.
Henry had assembled his full court of vassals. William of Warenne,
the son of Stephen, and Malcolm, King of Scots, followed him as his
liegemen rather than as allies. Becket, as his Chancellor, came with
an equipment not inferior to that of any of his earls and counts.
Altogether it was a very splendid and expensive affair. The king
marched to Toulouse; but at Toulouse was his enemy, his friend, his
lord, his wife’s first husband. Henry could not proceed to extremes
against the man whom in his youthful sincerity he still recognized as
his feudal lord, and whose personal humiliation would have degraded the
idea of royalty, of which he was himself so proud. So he left Becket to
continue the siege and returned westward. The French were attempting a
diversion on the Norman frontier. Toulouse, therefore, was not taken.
Towards the end of the year a truce was made with Lewis, and early in
1160 the truce was turned into an alliance. But the alliance brought
with it the seeds of new and more fatal divisions.
[Sidenote:
Henry’s
sons and
daughters.
]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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