The Early Poems of Alfred Lord TennysonTennyson, Alfred Tennyson, Baron
General
The Early Poems of Alfred Lord Tennyson
Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, Baron
English poetry -- 19th century
In his power of crystallising commonplaces he stands next to Pope, in
subtle felicity of expression beside Virgil. And, when he says of
Virgil that we find in his diction “all the grace of all the muses
often flowering in one lonely word,” he says what is literally true of
his own work. As a master of style his place is in the first rank among
English classical poets. But his style is the perfection of art. His
diction, like the diction of Milton and Gray, resembles mosaic work.
With a touch here and a touch there, now from memory, now from
unconscious assimilation, inlaying here an epithet and there a phrase,
adding, subtracting, heightening, modifying, substituting one metaphor
for another, developing what is latent in the suggestive imagery of a
predecessor, laying under contribution the most intimate familiarity
with what is best in the literature of the ancient and modern world,
the unwearied artist toils patiently on till his precious mosaic work
is without a flaw. All the resources of rhetoric are employed to give
distinction to his style and every figure in rhetoric finds expression
in his diction: Hypallage as in
_The pillard dusk_
Of sounding sycamores.
—_Audley Court_.
Paronomasia as in
The seawind sang
_Shrill, chill_ with flakes of foam.
—_Morte d’Arthur_.
Oxymoron as
_Behold_ them _unbeheld, unheard
Hear_ all.
—_Œnone._
Hyperbaton as in
The _dew-impearled_ winds of dawn.
—_Ode to Memory._
Metonymy as in
The _bright death_ quiver’d at the victim’s throat.
—_Dream of Fair Women_.
or in
For some three _careless moans_
The summer pilot of an empty heart.
—_Gardener’s Daughter_.
No poet since Milton has employed what is known as Onomatopoeia with so
much effect. Not to go farther than the poems of 1842, we have in the
_Morte d’Arthur_:—
So all day long the noise of battle _rolled
Among the mountains by the winter sea;_
or
_Dry clashed_ his harness in the icy caves
And _barren chasms_, and all to left and right
The _bare black cliff clang’d round_ him, as he bas’d
His feet _on juts of slippery crag that rang
Sharp-smitten with the dint of armed heels—_
or the exquisite
I heard the _water lapping on the crag,_
And the _long ripple washing in the reeds._
So in _The Dying Swan,_
And _the wavy swell of the soughing reeds._
See too the whole of _Oriana_ and the description of the dance at the
beginning of _The Vision of Sin._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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