The Early Poems of Alfred Lord TennysonTennyson, Alfred Tennyson, Baron
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The Early Poems of Alfred Lord Tennyson
Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, Baron
English poetry -- 19th century
Another way in which they affect him is where, without direct
imitation, they colour passages and poems as in _Œnone_, _The Lotos
Eaters_, _Tithonus_, _Tiresias_, _The Death of Œnone_, _Demeter and
Persephone_, the passage beginning “From the woods” in _The Gardener’s
Daughter_, which is a parody of Theocritus, _Id._, vii., 139 _seq._,
while the Cyclops’ invocation to Galatea in Theocritus, _Id._, xi.,
29-79, was plainly the model for the idyll, “Come down, O Maid,” in the
seventh section of _The Princess_, just as the tournament in the same
poem recalls closely the epic of Homer and Virgil. Tennyson had a
wonderful way of transfusing, as it were, the essence of some beautiful
passage in a Greek or Roman poet into English. A striking illustration
of this would be the influence of reminiscences of Virgil’s fourth
_Æneid_ on the idyll of _Elaine and Guinevere_. Compare, for instance,
the following: he is describing the love-wasted Elaine, as she sits
brooding in the lonely evening, with the shadow of the wished-for death
falling on her:—
But when they left her to herself again,
Death, like a friend’s voice from a distant field,
Approaching through the darkness, call’d; the owls
Wailing had power upon her, and she mix’d
Her fancies with the sallow-rifted glooms
Of evening and the moanings of the wind.
How exactly does this recall, in a manner to be felt rather than
exactly defined, a passage equally exquisite and equally pathetic in
Virgil’s picture of Dido, where, with the shadow of her death also
falling upon her, she seems to hear the phantom voice of her dead
husband, and “mixes her fancies” with the glooms of night and the owl’s
funereal wail:—
Hinc exaudiri voces et verba vocantis
Visa viri, nox quum terras obscura teneret;
Solaque culminibus ferali carmine bubo
Sæpe queri, et longas in fletum ducere voces.
—_Æn._, iv., 460.)
(From it she thought she clearly heard a voice, even the accents of
her husband calling her when night was wrapping the earth with
darkness; and on the roof the lonely owl in funereal strains kept
oft complaining, drawing out into a wail its protracted notes.)
Similar passages, though not so striking, would be the picture of
Pindar’s Elysium in _Tiresias_, the sentiment pervading _The Lotos
Eaters_ transferred so faithfully from the Greek poets, the scenery in
_Œnone_ so crowded with details from Homer, Theocritus and Callimachus.
Sometimes we find similes suggested by the classical poets, but
enriched by touches from original observation, as here in _The
Princess_:—
As one that climbs a peak to gaze
O’er land and main, and sees a great black cloud
Drag inward from the deeps, a wall of night
Blot out the slope of sea from verge to shore.
...
And quenching lake by lake and tarn by tarn
Expunge the world,
which was plainly suggested by Homer, iv., 275:—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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