The Earth as Modified by Human ActionMarsh, George P. (George Perkins)
History
The Earth as Modified by Human Action
Marsh, George P. (George Perkins)
Conservation of natural resources; Human geography; Nature -- Effect of human beings on; Physical geography
was-producing insect, a species of coccus, very abundant in China, where
its annual produce is said to amount to the value of ten millions of
francs, has recently attracted notice in France. The wax is white,
resembling spermaceti, and is said to be superior to that of the bee.]
The insects and worms intentionally transplanted by man bear but a small
portion to those accidentally introduced by him. Plants and animals
often carry their parasites with them, and the traffic of commercial
countries, which exchange their products with every zone and every stage
of social existence, cannot fail to transfer in both directions the
minute organisms that are, in one way or another associated with almost
every object important to the material interests of man. [Footnote: A
few years ago, a laborer, employed at a North American port in
discharging a cargo of hides from the opposite extremity of the
continent, was fatally poisoned by the bite or the sting of an unknown
insect, which ran out from a hide he was handling.
The Phylloxera vastatrix, the most destructive pest which has ever
attacked European vineyards--for its ravages are fatal not merely to the
fruit, but to the vine itself--in said by many entomologists to be of
American origin, but I have seen no account of the mode of its
introduction.]
The tenacity of life possessed by many insects, their prodigious
fecundity, the length of time they often remain in the different phases
of their existence, [Footnote: In many insects, some of the stages of
life regularly continue for several years, and they may, under peculiar
circumstances, be almost indefinitely prolonged. Dr. Dwight mentions the
following remarkable case of this sort: "I saw here an insect, about an
inch in length, of a brown color tinged with orange, with two antennae,
not unlike a rosebug. This insect came out of a tea-table made of the
boards of an apple-tree." Dr. Dwight found the "cavity whence the insect
had emerged into the light," to be "about two inches in length. Between
the hole, and the outside of the leaf of the table, there were forty
grains of the wood." It was supposed that the sawyer and the
cabinet-maker must have removed at least thirteen grains more, and the
table had been in the possession of its proprietor for twenty years.]
the security of the retreats into which their small dimensions enable
them to retire, are all circumstances very favorable not only to the
perpetuity of their species, but to their transportation to distant
climates and their multiplication in their new homes. The teredo, so
destructive to shipping, has been carried by the vessels whose wooden
walls it mines to almost every part of the globe. The termite, or white
ant, is said to have been brought to Rochefort by the commerce of that
port a hundred years ago. [Footnote: It does not appear to be quite
settled whether the termites of France are indigenous or imported. See
Quatrefaces, Souvenirs d'un naturaliste, ii., pp. 400, 542, 543.
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