The Earth as Modified by Human ActionMarsh, George P. (George Perkins)
History
The Earth as Modified by Human Action
Marsh, George P. (George Perkins)
Conservation of natural resources; Human geography; Nature -- Effect of human beings on; Physical geography
The white ant has lately appeared at St. Helena and is in a high degree
destructive, no wood but teak, and even that not always, resisting
it.--Nature for March 2d, 1871, p. 362.] This creature is more injurious
to wooden structures and implements than any other known insect. It eats
out almost the entire substance of the wood, leaving only thin
partitions between the galleries it excavates in it; but as it never
gnaws through the surface to the air, a stick of timber may be almost
wholly consumed without showing any external sign of the damage it has
sustained. The termite is found also in other parts of France, and
particularly at Rochelle, where, thus far, its ravages are confined to a
single quarter of the city. A borer, of similar habits, is not uncommon
in Italy, and you may see in that country handsome chairs and other
furniture which have been reduced by this insect to a framework of
powder of post, covered, and apparently held together, by nothing but
the varnish.
DESTRUCTION OF INSECTS.
It is well known to naturalists, but less familiarly to common
observers, that the aquatic larvae of some insects which in other stages
of their existence inhabit the land, constitute, at certain seasons, a
large part of the food of fresh-water fish, while other larvae, in their
turn, prey upon the spawn and even the young of their persecutors.
[Footnote: I have seen the larva of the dragon-fly in an aquarium bite
off the head of a young fish as long as itself.] The larvae of the
mosquito and the gnat are the favorite food of the trout in the wooded
regions where those insects abound. [Footnote: Insects and fish--which
prey upon and feed each other--are the only forms of animal life that
are numerous in the native woods, and their range is, of course, limited
by the extent of the waters. The great abundance of the trout, and of
other more or less allied genera in the lakes of Lapland, seems to be
due to the supply of food provided for them by the swarms of insects
which in the larva state inhabit the waters, or, in other stages of
their life, are accidentally swept into them. All travellers in the
north of Europe speak of the gnat and the mosquito as very serious
drawbacks upon the enjoyments of the summer tourist, who visits the head
of the Gulf of Bothnia to see the midnight sun, and the brothers
Laestadius regard them as one of the great plagues of sub-arctic life.
"The persecutions of these insects," says Lars Levi Laestadius [Culex
pipiens, Culex reptans, and Culex pulicaris], "leave not a moment's
peace, by day or night, to any living creature. Not only man, but
cattle, and even birds and wild beasts, suffer intolerably from their
bite." He adds in a note, "I will not affirm that they have ever
devoured a living man, but many young cattle, such as lambs and calves,
have been worried out of their lives by them. All the people of Lapland
declare that young birds are killed by them, and this is not improbable,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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