The Earth's BeginningBall, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Science
The Earth's Beginning
Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Krakatoa (Indonesia); Nebular hypothesis
It is essential to notice the fundamental difference between the
principle which has been called the conservation of energy in the
system, and the conservation of moment of momentum. We have pointed out
that when collisions take place, part of the energy due to motion is
transformed into heat, and energy in that form admits of radiation
through space, and thus becomes lost to the system, with the result that
the total energy declines. Even without actual collision, we have shown
how certain effects of tides, or other consequences of friction,
necessarily involve the squandering of energy with which the system was
originally endowed. A system started with a certain endowment of energy
may conserve that energy indefinitely, if all such actions as collisions
or frictions are absent. If collisions or frictions are present the
system will gradually dissipate energy. Our interpretation of the future
of such a system must always take account of this fundamental fact.
It is, of course, conceivable that the moment of momentum with which a
system was originally endowed might have happened to be zero. A system
of particles could be so constructed and so started on their movements
that their moment of momentum with regard to a certain plane should be
zero. It might happen that the moment of momentum of the system with
regard to a second plane, perpendicular to the former one, should be
also zero; and, finally, that the moment of momentum of the system with
regard to a third plane perpendicular to each of the other two, should
be also zero. If these three conditions were found to prevail at the
commencement, they would prevail throughout the movement, and, more
generally still, we may state that in such circumstances the moment of
momentum of the system would be zero about any plane whatever. There
would be no principal plane in such a system. We thus note that though
it is inconceivable that a group of mutually attracting bodies should be
started into movement without a suitable endowment of energy, it is yet
quite conceivable that a system could be started without having any
moment of momentum. And if at the beginning the system had no moment of
momentum, then no matter what may be the future vicissitudes of its
motion, no moment of momentum can ever be acquired by it to all
eternity, so long as the interference of external forces is excluded.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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