The Earth's BeginningBall, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Science
The Earth's Beginning
Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Krakatoa (Indonesia); Nebular hypothesis
Neptune, the outermost planet of our system, presents us also with
difficulties of an analogous character. So far as the orbit of Neptune
itself is concerned, it agrees entirely with the general planetary
convention; the inclination of that orbit to the plane of the ecliptic
is no more than six degrees, and the direction in which the outermost
planet revolves round the frontier of our system is not different from
the directions in which all the other planets revolve. We know nothing
about the axis of rotation of Neptune except that it may be reasonably
presumed to be in the same plane as the movement of its satellite. On
October 10th, 1846, Lassell, with the help of his great telescope,
suspected the existence of a satellite to Neptune, and he announced it
definitely on July 7th, 1847. We are indebted to Newcomb for a careful
investigation of the orbit of this satellite. It moves in a track which
is practically circular, and it requires about five days and twenty-one
hours to accomplish each revolution. Its inclination to the ecliptic is
not so anomalous as in the case of Uranus, the inclination being in this
case not more than thirty-five degrees. This is not much greater than
the inclinations of the orbits of some of the asteroids, and it might
have passed without much comment had it not been for the circumstance
that the direction of motion of the satellite in this track is
antagonistic to all the other movements in the solar system. This is
indeed a more startling fact in some respects than the movements of the
satellites of Uranus, for, as we pointed out, the plane of the orbits of
the satellites of Uranus is so nearly perpendicular to the plane of the
ecliptic that the direction of the movement could not be held to be of
much significance. The satellite of Neptune, having an orbital
inclination barely more than a third of a right angle, exhibits a
retrograde movement which is in some respects the most anomalous feature
in the solar system.
These circumstances connected with the satellites of Uranus and Neptune
have been sometimes brought forward as arguments against the nebular
theory. What Laplace would have said to them we can only conjecture,
for, at the time he brought out his theory, Neptune was entirely
unknown, and none of the satellites of Uranus had been observed. But it
has sometimes been urged that the movements of these two systems are
inconsistent with the principles of the nebular theory, and that,
therefore, the nebular theory must be abandoned. I have no desire to
minimise the difficulties, but I think the considerations to which I now
invite attention may help to lessen them even if they do not altogether
remove them. I trust, at least, we may be able to show that even those
anomalous movements are not incompatible with the acceptance of the
account of the origin of our solar system given by the nebular theory.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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