The Earth's BeginningBall, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Science
The Earth's Beginning
Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Krakatoa (Indonesia); Nebular hypothesis
There is another circumstance connected with the movement of the sun
which should here be mentioned. It is well known that the sun has a
velocity which carries it on through space at the rate of half a million
miles a day. In this movement the whole solar system, of course,
participates. This movement of translation of our system must also be a
result of the movements of the two original colliding masses. These two
masses imparted to the system, which resulted from their union, both the
lineal velocity with which it advances through space, and also that
moment of momentum which is of such vast importance in the theory.
A consideration of the probabilities of the case make it quite certain
that the celestial bodies we see are as nothing compared with the dark
bodies we do not see. The stars we see are moving, and the natural
assumption is that the dark objects with which the heavens teem are also
in motion. We shall, under these conditions, not feel any insuperable
difficulty in the supposition that collisions between different bodies
in the heavens may have taken place from time to time. We remember that
these bodies are moving in all directions, and at extremely high
velocities. We are quite willing to grant the excessive improbability
that any two bodies particularly specified should come into collision.
Within view of our telescopes we have, however, a hundred millions of
stars, and if we multiply that figure even by millions, it will still,
we may well suppose, not be too large to express the number of bodies
which, though contained within the region of space ranged over by our
telescopes, are still totally invisible. In these circumstances, we may
admit that occasional collisions are not impossible. Please note the
strength which the argument derives from the enormous increase in our
estimate of the number of bodies, when we include the dark objects as
well as the stars. If we were asked whether it would ever be possible
for two bright stars to come into collision, we might well hesitate
about the answer. We know, of course, that the stars have proper
motions; we know, too, that the stars, in this respect unlike the
planets, have no definite directions of movement under the control of a
supreme co-ordinating attraction. Some stars move to the right, and some
to the left, some one way and some another; but even still,
notwithstanding their great number, the extent of space is such that the
stars keep widely apart, and thus collisions can hardly be expected to
take place, unless perhaps in a cluster such as that shown in Fig. 53.
We have no reason to think that a collision between two actual bright
stars was the origin of the primæval nebula of our system. But when we
reflect that the stars, properly so called, are but the visible members
of an enormously greater host of objects, then the possibilities of
occasional collision between a pair of these incomparably more abundant
dark bodies seems to merit our close attention.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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