The Earth's BeginningBall, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Science
The Earth's Beginning
Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Krakatoa (Indonesia); Nebular hypothesis
THERE is perhaps hardly any telescopic object more pleasing or more
instructive than a globular cluster of stars when viewed through an
instrument sufficiently powerful to do justice to the spectacle. There
are several star-clusters of the class designated as “globular.” The
most famous of these, or, at all events, the one best known to northern
astronomers, is found in the constellation of Hercules, and is for most
purposes sufficiently described by the expression, “The Cluster in
Hercules.” The genuine lover of Nature finds it hard to withhold an
exclamation of wonder and admiration when for the first time, or even
for the hundredth time, the Cluster in Hercules is adequately displayed
in the field of a first-class telescope.
[Illustration: Fig. 9.—THE CLUSTER IN HERCULES.
(_Photographed by Dr. W. E. Wilson, F.R.S._)]
In Fig. 9 is a photograph of this celebrated object, which was taken by
Dr. W. E. Wilson, F.R.S., at his observatory at Daramona, in Ireland.
The picture has been obtained from an enlargement of the original
photograph taken with the telescope in Mr. Wilson’s observatory. It is,
however, precisely as Nature has given it, except for this enlargement.
You will note that towards the margin of the cluster the several stars
are seen separately, and in many cases with admirable distinctness. We
do, however, occasionally find two or more stars so close together that
their images overlap; and, indeed, in the centre of the cluster the
stars are so close together that it is impossible to differentiate them,
so as to see them as individual points of light. We need have no doubt,
however, that the cluster is mainly composed of separate stars, although
the difficulties interposed by our atmosphere, added to the necessary
imperfections of our appliances, make it impossible for us to
discriminate the individual stars.
In looking at a star group of this particular kind the observer may
perhaps be reminded of a swarm of bees in flight from the hive, for the
stars in the cluster are, on a vast scale, apparently associated in the
same way as the bees, on a small scale, are associated in the swarm. We
may also compare the stars in the cluster to the bees in the swarm in
another respect. Each bee in the swarm is in incessant movement. There
can be no doubt that each star in a globular cluster is unceasingly
changing its position with reference to the others. The distance by
which the cluster is separated from the earth renders it impossible for
us to see those movements, at all events within those narrow limits of
time over which our observations have as yet extended; but the laws of
mechanics assure us that the mutual attraction of the stars in this
cluster must give rise to incessant movements, and that this must be the
case notwithstanding the fact that the relative places of the stars in
the cluster show no alteration that can be recognised from one year’s
end to another.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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