The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 1/3MacGibbon, David
History
The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 1/3
MacGibbon, David
Church architecture -- Scotland
The caps have been very elaborately carved with foliage, which is now
much decayed. It looks later than the enrichments of the arches, which
consist of early ornaments, such as the dog-tooth and chevron, much
undercut. These enrichments, and the foliage which ran up the jambs of
the doorway, are now greatly decayed, especially the portions carved in
the yellow stone. In the case of the south transept doorway, the
stonework, which is much wasted, has been roughly repaired with cement.
The central doorway has five orders of mouldings, and the north and
south doorways four orders. The south transept doorway has also four
orders.
[Illustration: FIG. 246.--Kirkwall Cathedral. Plan of Central Doorway of
West End.]
Notwithstanding the damage they have sustained, these doorways are still
amongst the most charming portions of the edifice; and, as regards the
coloured decoration of their masonry, they stand almost alone in this
country.
In the interior the west doorways and responds of piers (Fig. 242) are
constructed with alternate bands of red and yellow stone, and the
sconsion moulding is enriched with a ball ornament. The sconsion of the
doorway of the north nave aisle has a similar enrichment, showing that
it must have been restored at a late date, as already mentioned.
The buttresses between the west doorways are, so far as original, also
carried up in alternate red and yellow courses. (See Fig. 241.) The
upper part of the gablet over the centre doorway is of the seventeenth
century, and bears the shield of Sir George Hay of Kinfauns, who rented
the lands of the bishopric in the beginning of the seventeenth century.
A crozier is added to the shield in connection with the lands of the
see. (See enlarged sketch in Fig. 244.)
The upper part of the west front is of late construction, having
probably been carried out when the two west bays of the nave were built.
These bays, as above mentioned, were added to the cathedral at a late
period, and are almost entirely built with red freestone. The piers are
designed in imitation of the old nave piers, but the caps and bases have
different mouldings, and the plinth of the base is round, while that of
the older bases is square. (See Fig. 242.)
The triforium and clerestory are also constructed in imitation of the
older parts of the nave. The three west bays of the nave and two bays of
the aisles remained without vaulting till they were covered with the
present wooden vaults, when the building was repaired by the Government
in 1848.
The aisle windows in these bays are narrow, and have trefoiled cusped
heads, being the only cusping in the cathedral (see Fig. 236), except
those in the large round windows.
The parapet of the north side of the nave is evidently a very late piece
of work. It is supported on large trefoil ornaments, or inverted
fleurs-de-lys, cut square into the wall, without chamfer or moulding.
(See Fig. 236.)
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