The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 1/3 — John Shaqi
The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 1/3MacGibbon, David
History
The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 1/3
MacGibbon, David
Church architecture -- Scotland
The Deicolæ were organised in 747 as an order of Secular Canons with the
object of bringing the secular clergy into a cœnobitical life, so as to
help to counteract the then prevailing tendency to the eremitical mode
of living. The nature of the structures erected under the latter form of
religious observance is well illustrated in the cells and oratories
already alluded to, which were erected in such numbers on the lonely and
deserted islands on the West Coasts of Ireland and Scotland.
The advent of the Roman emissaries in Scotland is embodied in several
mythical legends. Such is the story of the arrival of St. Boniface with
a complete following of persons representing all the offices of the
Roman service, and his favourable reception by King Nectan indicates the
goodwill with which they were welcomed.[31] The dedications of churches
to St. Peter, superseding the dedication to the ancient native Saints,
further mark the change from Iona to Rome.
The assimilation of the Church to the Roman system, and the introduction
of the secular clergy, led in Scotland, as it had done in Northumbria,
to the secularisation of the monasteries. Through the operation of the
Celtic rules of succession they fell into the hands of laymen, who
retained the title of abbot, and with it the possession of the monastic
lands, but without any pretence to clerical office.[32] The old Celtic
system of monasticism thus perished, first, from internal decay and
change to the eremitical system; and, second, from its being gradually
superseded by the introduction of the secular clergy on the Roman
system.
Meanwhile at Iona, and in all the Western Islands and coasts, a new
enemy to the Columban establishments sprung up. In 794 the Northern
Rovers made their first appearance, and during many succeeding years the
monastery of Iona was frequently attacked and pillaged, the monks being
slain or driven to seek safety in Ireland. The connection between
Ireland and Scotland was thus almost entirely severed during the ninth
century, and the Columbans having (as above stated) been expelled from
the Pictish kingdom, the previous active relations between the Church in
the two countries was for the time entirely brought to a close.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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