The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 1/3 — John Shaqi
The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 1/3MacGibbon, David
History
The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 1/3
MacGibbon, David
Church architecture -- Scotland
Diminutive dry-built stone cells or oratories, with sloping or curved
walls, having the roof closed in with overlapping stones, converging
towards the centre, and covered with flag-stones, are still found in the
remote islands. One oratory also exists at Inchcolm where the stone roof
is supported by a true arch, as in some of the latest Irish examples. It
should, however, be pointed out that huts of similar construction to the
above are known to have been erected and inhabited in recent times in
the Outer Hebrides.[43] The hermitages above referred to, although
belonging to this oldest type of structure, may thus possibly not be the
oldest buildings in the country.
At a later time the rude monastic cells and hermitages were followed by
the churches established by the missionaries from Iona. The Scottish
churches erected by the Columbans were, like those of Ireland, of
extreme simplicity, and generally of small dimensions. They consisted of
a simple oblong chamber, with a single door and a single small window.
The walls were often built without mortar, and the wall apertures were
finished with undressed stones. These structures were sometimes covered
with a plain barrel vault, and sometimes with rafters and thatch. The
jambs of the doorway incline inwards and have straight lintels; the
windows are either square-headed or rudely arched. Until the Romanesque
influence is felt, not a trace of any kind of ornament is to be found on
these churches. Latterly, a few details resembling Norman work are
introduced.
In other examples of this type the details are more advanced. The door
jambs are upright and are covered with semi-circular arches, and the
windows are also similarly treated. The buildings, however, possess few
features to enable the date of their erection to be determined. They may
possibly have all been erected during a long course of years at
different times in different localities, according to local
circumstances; but it is natural to suppose that those of the more
refined type are the latest.
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