The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 2/3MacGibbon, David
History
The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 2/3
MacGibbon, David
Church architecture -- Scotland
Cuthbert, which at first
belonged to Coldingham, but was finally presented by David I. to his new
Abbey of Melrose.
The latter abbey was founded, in 1136, at a place then called Fordell,
and was endowed by King David and his nobles with ample lands. The
church then erected was in course of building for ten years. It was
consecrated in 1146, and was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. As only a
short time had elapsed since the founding of the abbey, the buildings
then constructed probably consisted of the residence of the monks and an
oratory. These erections were no doubt in the Norman style of the
period, of which style some examples are preserved in the other
monasteries founded in the district about the same period, such as the
Abbeys of Kelso, Jedburgh, and Dryburgh.[132] How long the original
structures continued it is now impossible to say, as every trace of them
has long since disappeared. From its situation, in the direct path
between England and Scotland, Melrose was particularly exposed to
danger, and frequently suffered in the wars between the two countries.
Many of the abbots were distinguished men. Waltheof, an early abbot, was
reputed a saint and worker of miracles. The connection with the parent
house of Rievalle was kept up, and monks from Melrose sometimes became
abbots of the Yorkshire monastery. Melrose also sent abbots to other
Cistercian houses, including Kinloss, Coupar, Newbattle, Deer, and
Balmerino.
The possessions of the abbey soon increased, and it held lands in many
parts of Scotland. Its property was considerably augmented, in 1235, by
a grant from King Alexander II. of the lands of Ettrick Forest.
In 1246 Abbot Matthew erected many convenient offices and buildings and
a magnificent hall on the bank of the river for himself and his
successors, but these structures have now disappeared.
In 1291 Edward I. granted protection to the monks of Melrose, but when
John Baliol opposed him, he took possession of their lands. These,
however, he subsequently restored, on the monks doing homage to him as
liege lord. His letters to the sheriffs of counties show how extensively
the monastery’s lands were spread, extending even into England. These
letters were addressed to the sheriffs in Berwick, Ayr, Jedburgh,
Peebles, Edinburgh, Roxburgh, Dumfries, and Northumberland.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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