[Illustration: Plan of Angle of Transept and Nave. FIG. 447.--St. Andrews Cathedral. West Side of Transept and South Side of Nave.] shafts have all the same section, and are without caps, the ribs dying into the shafts, except in the case of the two eastmost and the westmost shaft and the angle one at the west wall, which latter does not come to the ground. These shafts have large caps, uniting the clustered section into one. The centre aisle of the nave was not vaulted. [Illustration: Corbel of Cloister Roof, enlarged. FIG. 448.--St. Andrews Cathedral. West End of Nave and Turret of West End.] The south wall of the nave extends considerably westwards beyond the present west end, and contains the remains of a vaulting shaft in the position it would naturally have occupied in the spacing of the bays. This seems to show that the cathedral was originally of greater length than it now is by at least 34 feet, while it may have extended westwards an unknown number of bays, each of which would measure 16 feet in width. The south side of this wall (which is partly built against with modern erections) shows traces of early arcading. The north wall of the nave also projects westwards from the present west end for a distance of about 7 feet. When the original west wall fell, it may have destroyed a few of the western bays, and this possibly induced Bishop Wishart, when he rebuilt the west end, to omit these bays, and shorten the cathedral by so much. [Illustration: FIG. 449. St. Andrews Cathedral. Cap of Angle Shafts of Buttresses and Corbel of Cornice.]