The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 3/3MacGibbon, David
History
The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 3/3
MacGibbon, David
Church architecture -- Scotland
Next to this, on the north, is the chapter house, which projects beyond
the general line of the buildings, the portion next the cloister having
the appearance of a vestibule. The inner cloister enters from the
vestibule by two arches (Fig. 1002), which rest on a central round
pillar and corbels at the sides. This pillar is sometimes stated to be
of Norman work, and the chapter house is, consequently, regarded as of
Norman date. But a careful examination of the pillar and its capital
leads to the conclusion that it is comparatively a late structure. The
carving of the cap (Fig. 1003) is very peculiar. On the outer or west
side, the ornament, which is somewhat decayed, resembles that of the
caps of the adjoining nunnery church, and may easily be mistaken for
ancient. But the ornament of the inner or east side of the cap (see Fig.
1003) is quite different, and is undoubtedly of very late design, being
similar to that on the carved tombstones of the fifteenth or sixteenth
centuries, such as that in Figs. 991 and 992. The dog-tooth or nail-head
ornament of the arches, although at first sight like first pointed work,
is found, on closer inspection, to consist of late imitations--showing
three small nail-heads placed close together, so as to form an
enrichment in a manner not at all transition like. The same remark
applies to the enrichments of the high chapel in the choir (see Fig.
1000).
[Illustration: FIG. 1003.--Iona Cathedral. Details of Central Pillar in
Chapter House.]
The walls of the eastern part of the cloister are not over 2 feet 6
inches in thickness (which would be very unusual in Norman work), and
they have been strengthened by interior piers when the present flat
barrel arch was erected over the chapter house. This probably took place
when the upper part of this portion of the building was raised a story
in height, possibly in order to form the library on the upper floor. It
is evident, from an examination of the junction of the walls on the
exterior, that the upper floor of this part of the building was added at
a late period. Both vestibule and chapter house appear to have had a
stone seat running along the walls, and the whole may possibly have
formed the place of assembly of the monks. Probably, like the chapter
house at St. Andrews, the western portion, or vestibule, was the
original chapter house, and the inner division was added at a later
period.
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