The Ecclesiastical Orders of KnighthoodVan der Veldt, James Herman
History
The Ecclesiastical Orders of Knighthood
Van der Veldt, James Herman
Orders of knighthood and chivalry, Papal
The territorial organization of the order achieved its final completion,
when it was divided into _langues_ or tongues. When the headquarters of
the order were in Rhodes and Malta, the knights of each _langue_ lived
together in their own residence, called _auberge_ or inn, so that the
Convent consisted of a number of national “monasteries.”
Although the training of the Knights of St. John was mainly aimed at
making them good fighters—a life not particularly conducive to
sanctity—yet the chronicles of the order boast a number of men and women
noted for their holiness. To mention a few: Gerard, the Founder, and
Raymond du Puy, who have been always revered as Blessed; St. Hugh,
Commander of Geneva; the sergeant-at-arms Blessed Gerard Mercati who,
however, died as a Franciscan; and the most renowned among the women
saints, St. Ubaldescha, St. Toscana and St. Fiora of Beaulieu.[7]
The military and political history of the Order of St. John is an
eight-hundred-years-long Odyssey which can be best characterized as the
road from Jerusalem to Rome by way of Acre, Rhodes, Malta, and a number
of other places, including a curious detour by Russia. The Hospitallers
stayed in the Holy Land for almost two centuries, until 1291; they then
had their headquarters on the island of Rhodes for another two hundred
years (1309-1522), and afterwards transferred to the island of Malta for
two centuries and a half (1530-1798), finally moving to Rome in 1834.[8]
In the Palestinian period the Hospitallers fought for the defense of the
Latin kingdom of Jerusalem; together with the Templars they supplied the
best-trained and disciplined troops and, especially in the times of
disaster, their forces were the most stable and reliable. During the
last forty years of the kingdom the defense of the country rested almost
completely upon these two military orders.[9]
In the armies of the Christians in the Holy Land the knights formed a
sort of division, composed of between 300 and 500 knights and a number
of hired soldiers. This division was sometimes used as a flank, but more
often as a vanguard or rear guard. Besides, the knights built and
garrisoned an impressive number of fortresses of which the most powerful
were Margat and Crac.
Only seven knights of St. John, including the master, survived the fall
of Acre in 1291. They found asylum on the island of Cyprus. During their
years there, the knights began to build up a naval force. With this they
conquered the island of Rhodes, where they were firmly established in
1308. Thus they became known as Knights of Rhodes.[10]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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