The Ecclesiastical Orders of Knighthood — John Shaqi
The Ecclesiastical Orders of KnighthoodVan der Veldt, James Herman
History
The Ecclesiastical Orders of Knighthood
Van der Veldt, James Herman
Orders of knighthood and chivalry, Papal
The most famous of these donations was the bequest made by King Alfonso
of Aragon, who willed in 1134 that his kingdom be equally divided among
the Templars, the Hospitallers, and the Canons of the Holy Sepulchre.
The three organizations wisely ceded their rights to Ramon Berenguer IV,
Count of Barcelona. But the event had an intriguing juridical angle,
because it made it possible for the “Order” of the Holy Sepulchre to
claim at a later date the title of “sovereign order.” For—so it was
argued—the chapter of the Holy Sepulchre was by right the partial
sovereign of the kingdom of Aragon until the disputes concerning this
legacy were settled; and by ceding its rights to the count, the chapter
had acted as a sovereign power.
On the other hand it is admitted that the Crusades gave rise to the
existence of knights who, being knighted at the Holy Sepulchre, were
called after it. During the Crusades, before or after battle, hundreds
of soldiers were dubbed knights, and it was only natural that these
soldiers who came to fight in Palestine for Christ’s sake were eager to
receive the knighthood in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, right at the
tomb where the body of Christ rested for three days. This may have been
the case during the first Crusade when Godfrey de Bouillon assumed the
title of Defender of the Holy Sepulchre; in fact, legend has it that
Godfrey created twenty knights of the Holy Sepulchre. It is also
possible that the soldiers knighted at the tomb of the Saviour assumed a
special distinction which at first may have consisted of the
patriarchical cross with double bar and after the fall of Acre in 1291
assumed the form of the five-fold cross which still is the symbol of the
Knights of the Sepulchre. Wearing the same badge, some knights may have
banded together in groups and fought side by side on the principle of
brotherhood in arms.
However, it is extremely doubtful that these knights formed an order,
like that of the Order of Saint John, for the records make no mention of
monastic vows, rule, community life, community of goods, or regular
organization. It is equally doubtful that the knights formed a secular
brotherhood in arms, but granted that they did, the fraternity had no
permanent organization.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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