The Ecclesiastical Orders of KnighthoodVan der Veldt, James Herman
History
The Ecclesiastical Orders of Knighthood
Van der Veldt, James Herman
Orders of knighthood and chivalry, Papal
In the Brief _Cum amplissimo honorum_, issued at St. Peter’s, May 30,
1834, Pope Gregory reduced the order to three degrees. The two degrees
of Knights Grand Cross were combined and the right to wear a jewelled
emblem required special permission from the Holy See. This decree also
specified the maximum number of Knights of St. Gregory for the residents
of the Papal States. The Knights Grand Cross should be no more than 30,
the Commanders no more than 70, the Knights no more than 300. However,
the Pope reserved the right to nominate also persons residing outside
the Pontifical States; the number of these nominees was unlimited.
There are two classes of Gregorian Knights, a civilian and military.[39]
The difference is that the former wear the cross hanging from a green
crown of laurel, whereas the latter have the cross hanging from a
trophy. It is interesting to note that neither of the two documents
issued by Gregory XVI says a word about a special uniform for the
Knights of St. Gregory. The green uniform was later prescribed by Pope
Pius IX.
THE ORDER OF SAINT SYLVESTER, POPE
This order—as we saw previously—was instituted by Pope Gregory XVI in
1841 to replace the Order of the Golden Spur, but since the name of
“Militia Aurata” was perpetuated, the order was spoken of as a
combination of the two. In 1905 Pope St. Pius X “separated” the two
orders and made the Order of Saint Sylvester the lowest ranking of the
Pontifical Orders of Knighthood.
The order has three degrees, the second being subdivided into two
classes: Knights of the Grand Cross; Knight Commanders with and without
emblem; simple Knights. The emblem is an eight-pointed white cross with
a medal of St. Sylvester in the center, the reverse side of the medal
bearing the dates 1841-1905 in Roman figures to commemorate the order’s
founding by Gregory XVI and its renovation by St. Pius X. The emblem is
a silver star with the cross of the order superimposed. The colors of
the grand cordon, collar and ribbon on which the cross hangs, according
to the different degrees, are three bands of red and two of black. The
uniform of the order is black.
THE PAPAL DECORATIONS
The decorations bestowed by the Holy See at the present time are the
Cross “Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice” and the medal “Benemerenti.” These
decorations do not confer knighthood upon the recipient, but are medals
of honor (_distintivi di onore_) given to both men and women who merit
public token of gratitude from the Pope for their services. The
conferring takes place by means of a diploma issued from the
Secretariate of State.
_Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice_
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