_Rent (in rubles) paid:_ _Number of tenants._ _By all tenants._ _By each one._ In 1877 100 6000 60 In 1882 75 3514 47 (_Cf._ p. 123.) 2. Village Bahmetyevo, Ranenburg.--“Excessive rent, often not returned by the yields, has caused the heavy indebtedness of many a householder” (p. 331). 3. Village Blagueeya.--“The terms of tenure are very burdensome--above 20 rubles the dessiatine. One part of the rent must be discharged in labor, the rest is payable in advance. Leasing land is often direct loss. A good many are in debt, and not infrequently get ruined.” (_Ibid._) [71] _Cf._ Table IV. in the Appendix. [72] _Principles of Political Economy_, eighth edition, Vol. I., p. 453. [73] +-------------------------------+------------------------------+ | |Percentage to the total of the| | | peasantry. | | Classes. +--------------+---------------+ | | Korotoyak. |Nizhnedevitzk. | +-------------------------------+--------------+---------------+ |Households taking to wage-labor| 62 | 69 | |Of these are: | | | | Regular farmers | 50 | 63 | | Laborers proper | 12 | 6 | +-------------------------------+--------------+---------------+ [74] Detailed tables containing the rates of wages paid in different occupations are found in the Appendix. [75] Optimism is inborn in the Russian; to whatever creed or party he may belong, things ever appear to him as he would like them to be. The Russian peasantist must not therefore be censured for his misconception of this most typical figure of the modern Russian village. The peasant who agrees to do the full work of cultivating and harvesting a tract of the landlord’s field appears to Mr. Euzhakoff as a tenant, with the only peculiarity that “the tenant takes his share in money, while leaving the landlord to take the crops” (_loc. cit._, pp. 26-27). This confusion reminds one to some extent of the attempts of certain economists to represent the workingman as capitalist, and the capitalist as workingman. There is, however, one extenuating circumstance that may be urged on behalf of the well-meaning author, in the hopelessness of the task he has undertaken with the best intentions, _viz._, to demonstrate that the debilitated Russian Capitalism, condemned before its birth by history, is unable to hold its ground in the contest with the triumphant small peasant culture.