The Economics of the Russian VillageHourwich, Isaac A. (Isaac Aaronovich)
History
The Economics of the Russian Village
Hourwich, Isaac A. (Isaac Aaronovich)
Agricultural laborers -- Russia; Land tenure -- Russia; Mir; Peasants; Thesis (Ph. D.)
[76] There are in all two statements to the effect that work is done
for straw, flour, etc. (_Loc. cit._, part II., p. 198, No. 4; p. 206,
No. 3.) Cases in which work is done for rented land, or for a share in
the crop, have been counted as tenure.
[77] _Loc. cit._, part I., p. 264. Figures on the indebtedness of
the peasantry with regard to farm labor for wages are found in the
_Statistical Reports for the Gubernia of Voronezh_ (Vol. V., part 1.;
Vol. VI., part I., Table G.). In the table that follows the figures are
reduced to percentage rates:
+----------------------------+-----------+---------+---------+--------+
| | Rate to | Rate to | Rate to |Average |
| Districts and classes. |population,| farm |indebted,|due by 1|
| | per cent. |laborers,|per cent.|house- |
| | |per cent.| |holder, |
| | | | |rubles. |
+----------------------------+-----------+---------+---------+--------+
|_District of Korotoyak._ | | | | |
|Indebted: 1. All told | 50 | -- | 100 | 34.80 |
| 2. Farm laborers | -- | 52 | 39 | 23.99 |
| | | | | |
|_District of Nizhnedevitsk._| | | | |
|Indebted: 1. All told | 50 | -- | 100 | 44.38 |
| 2. Farm laborers | -- | 56 | 46 | 23.46 |
+----------------------------+-----------+---------+---------+--------+
[78] The mythical first Russian prince, to whom the _élite_ of the
aristocracy trace their ancestry.
[79] Carpenters, shoemakers, tailors, blacksmiths, and others who
supply by their work the local wants.
[80] _Cf._ Appendix, Table V.
[81] ENGAGED IN SKILLED LABOR IN EVERY 1000.
_Households._ _Adult workers._
Ranenburg 72 53
Dankoff 67 49
[82] BOARD FURNISHED BY THE EMPLOYER.
_Paid to_ _For the summer season._ _Per year._
Farm help From 25.00 to 35.00 From 35.00 to 60.00
Carpenters ” 55.00 to 70.00 100.00
[83]
_Workingmen._
_Concerns._ _Total._ _Average to concern._
Ranenburg 506 1985 3.9
Dankoff 240 1355 5.6
--- ---- ---
Total 746 3340 4.5
Virtually, however, the average is less than this, since there are
included only those industrial concerns belonging to peasants, and
situated in the precincts of the villages, while peasant labor is also
employed in those enterprises owned by the landlords and situated on
their estates.
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