+------------------+------------+------------+------------+-------------+ | | Farmed | In small | Tilled | | | | by the | tenure | for share | In all. | | Division of the | landlord. | for money | in crops. +-------+-----+ | fields on large | | rental. | | | | | estates. +------------+------------+------------+Dessia-| Per | | |Dessiatines.|Dessiatines.|Dessiatines.|tines. |cent.| +------------------+------------+------------+------------+-------+-----+ | I. Winter seed--| | | | | | | Rye | 12615 | | | | | | Wheat | 4573 | | | | | | +------------+ | | | | | | 17188 | 7221 | 917 | 25326 | 33 | | II. Spring seed | 19995 | 6787 | 1194 | 27976 | 36 | |III. Left unsown | 24292 | | | 24292 | 31 | | +------------+------------+------------+-------+-----+ | Total | | | | 77594 | 100 | +------------------+------------+------------+------------+-------+-----+ This classification bears upon 89.5 per cent. of the total area of ploughland; the deficient 10.5 per cent. concern the land which is held in large tenure, but yearly re-rented in small plots to the peasants. [157] This is the comparative development of stock breeding on large estates and on peasant farms, in the district of Voronezh: _Dessiatines _To 1 head of big cattle._ of tillage land._ On peasant farms 2.0 On estates over 50 dessiatines 7.9 We know that the fields of the peasants are very insufficiently manured. The opportunities for large estates do not appear more favorable. The extent to which land is fertilized on the estates is shown by the following figures: _Arable land._ _Dessiatines._ _Per cent._ Yearly under culture 61882 100 Yearly manured 3431 5.5 The fertilizing of 1 dessiatine requires 6 heads of big cattle (_op. cit._, p. 92.) Thus we have: _Head of _Per _Used to manure the fields on the estates._ big cattle._ cent._ Total, 3431 dessiatines × 6 heads 20586 100 Total stock of the landlords 11010 53 ------ ---- Stock of the peasants 9576 47