The Economics of the Russian VillageHourwich, Isaac A. (Isaac Aaronovich)
History
The Economics of the Russian Village
Hourwich, Isaac A. (Isaac Aaronovich)
Agricultural laborers -- Russia; Land tenure -- Russia; Mir; Peasants; Thesis (Ph. D.)
_Ranenburg. _Dankoff.
Per cent._ Per cent._
Total of the community 100 100
Lessors 25 24
---- ----
Remainder 75 76
Vote required for subdivision 66⅔ 66⅔
---- ----
Opposition sufficient to stay the same.[148] 9 10
We know that the lessor class is constantly growing with the increase
of the population, and the spread of the movement from the village.
Thus the young generation grows indifferent to the custom of the
village community.
The old-fashioned households, on the other hand, are accumulating the
plots of the declining farmers, and show a pronounced opposition to
agrarian communism. There still remain the intermediate groups of the
“weak” householders, who faithfully preserve their allegiance to the
_mir_. The position of these groups is, however, very unstable.
It follows that the formation of classes within the _mir_ tends
to perpetuate the expropriation of the “weak” families, and the
concentration of communal land, formerly held by them, in the hands of
the “strong.”
It is true that it is only the right of possession which is conferred
upon the lessee of communal land. But there are many facts that go to
show the possible evolution of possession into property.
Attention has been called in Russian economic literature to the
tendency toward private property developing among the former serfs out
of the redemption of their plots. At the time of the Ryazañ census
there were 364 communities concerned in the region under consideration,
and it was in 100[149] out of this number that the opposition against
the redivision of the communal land came to the front. Those who had
been paying the redemption tax at the time when the taxes exceeded the
net income of the lots, objected to the decrease of the latter after
the land had acquired a certain value. The wealthier householders had
threatened to pay at once the whole amortization debt that hung over
their plots, so as to compel the community to deed them over to their
owners at the time, according to law[150].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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