The Education of American GirlsBrackett, Anna C. (Anna Callender)
General
The Education of American Girls
Brackett, Anna C. (Anna Callender)
Women -- Education -- United States
therefore, be eliminated, before such accident can be attributed to any
other cause less simple and direct. The first criticism to be addressed
to the "statistics" contained in Dr. Clarke's clinical chapter, is, that
this necessary elimination has not been made, and one possible cause
arbitrarily selected out of an entire group of known causes.
As far as may be gathered from his book, Dr. Clarke's theory may be thus
formulated. Two intense nervous actions cannot, without detriment, be
sustained at the same time by the same organization. The mental labor
demanded by school studies on the one hand, and the physiological
process of menstruation on the other, are each connected with intense
action of different parts of the nervous system. They are, therefore,
incompatible with each other; and from the attempt to sustain them
simultaneously, results, first, the imperfect accomplishment of each;
second, the general exhaustion of the over-burdened nervous system. To
this exhaustion is to be attributed the uterine haemorrhages upon which
Dr. Clarke insists as the accident particularly liable to be induced by
any continuous, _i.e._, non-intermitting, system of education.
For non-medical readers it is important to develop the ellipsis and
explain the facts upon which, if anywhere, this theory is based.
The nervous system, though in many respects a unit, consists of two
great sections, called respectively, the ganglionic system, and the
cerebro-spinal; the latter formed by the brain, the spinal cord, and the
medulla-oblongata, that connects them; the former, constituted by
smaller masses of nervous matter distributed in three ways: First, in a
double chain lying on each side of the spinal cord, from the upper part
of the neck to the pelvic cavity that terminates the trunk. These masses
are called especially the sympathetic ganglia. Second, in so-called
plexuses, occupying different positions in the cavity of the trunk, and
standing in especial relation to various organs; the solar or coeliac
plexus to the stomach, liver, and spleen; the two renal plexuses to the
kidneys; the mesenteric plexuses to the intestine; finally, on each side
of the pelvis, the hypogastric plexus to the bladder, uterus, and
ovaries--the so-called genito-urinary organs. Third, besides these
principal ganglia exist others, much more minute, imbedded in the
muscular walls of certain organs--as the heart (intro-cardiac ganglia),
the intestine (intestinal ganglia).
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