The Effects of Cross & Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable KingdomDarwin, Charles
Science
The Effects of Cross & Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom
Darwin, Charles
Fertilization of plants; Plants -- Variation; Pollination
In the three generations taken together the crossed were to the
self-fertilised in height as 100 to 101; in the first generation the
self-fertilised plants showed some tendency to flower first, and in the
third generation they flowered first in nine out of the twelve pots.
SPECIES IN WHICH THE CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS FLOWERED ALMOST
SIMULTANEOUSLY.
Mimulus luteus (Sixth Generation).
The crossed plants were inferior in height and vigour to the
self-fertilised plants, which all belonged to the new white-flowered
tall variety, yet in only half the pots did the self-fertilised plants
flower first, and in the other half the crossed plants.
Viscaria oculata.
The crossed plants were only a little taller than the self-fertilised
(namely, as 100 to 97), but considerably more fertile, yet both lots
flowered almost simultaneously.
Lathyrus odoratus (Second Generation).
Although the crossed plants were to the self-fertilised in height as 100
to 88, yet there was no marked difference in their period of flowering.
Lobelia fulgens (Second Generation).
Although the crossed plants were to the self-fertilised in height as 100
to 91, yet they flowered simultaneously.
Nicotiana tabacum (Third Generation).
Although the crossed plants were to the self-fertilised in height as 100
to 83, yet in half the pots a self-fertilised plant flowered first, and
in the other half a crossed plant.]
These three lists include fifty-eight cases, in which the period of
flowering of the crossed and self-fertilised plants was recorded. In
forty-four of them a crossed plant flowered first either in a majority
of the pots or in all; in nine instances a self-fertilised plant
flowered first, and in five the two lots flowered simultaneously. One of
the most striking cases is that of Cyclamen, in which the crossed plants
flowered some weeks before the self-fertilised in all four pots during
two seasons. In the second generation of Lobelia ramosa, a crossed plant
flowered in all four pots some days before any one of the
self-fertilised. Plants derived from a cross with a fresh stock
generally showed a very strongly marked tendency to flower before the
self-fertilised and the intercrossed plants of the old stock; all three
lots growing in the same pots. Thus with Mimulus and Dianthus, in only
one pot out of ten, and in Nicotiana in only one pot out of sixteen, did
a self-fertilised plant flower before the plants of the two crossed
kinds,--these latter flowering almost simultaneously.
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