------------------------------------ CHAPTER V. _Chapter whereby work may not be imposed [upon a person(1.)] in the Netherworld._ Here is _N_. He saith, I am he who raiseth the hand which is motionless, and I come forth at the hour.(2.) I am the living Soul,(3.) and there go before me the longings(4.) of those who bring salutation.(5.) NOTES. This chapter is found in several of the best MSS., but the text is extremely corrupt, and must have become absolutely unintelligible. The Turin text differs greatly from that of the older copies, and the transposition of words clearly shows how little the transcribers understood what they were writing. I follow chiefly the text of _Aa_, the papyrus of Nebseni. 1. These words only occur in the later copies. 2. ⁂⁂⁂⁂ is the older reading, but ⁂⁂⁂ seems to be the more correct. 3. The oldest text must have had simply the ideographic ⁂, _Ae_ gives ⁂⁂⁂ _Ba_, but _Pd_ has ⁂⁂⁂⁂ _Ḫnemu_. The ‘living Soul’ is that of the Sun, whether he is called Râ or Osiris. 4. ‘Desires, wishes, loves,’ literally, ‘hearts.’ 5. ⁂⁂⁂ signifies ‘salute,’ as in Chapter 12, 1, and 14, 1, and ⁂⁂⁂, ⁂⁂ (with various other forms) the ‘saluter,’ is the name of the Ape who is seen in the vignettes of the papyri saluting the rising of the sun. See M. Naville’s _Todtenbuch_, I, plates 21 and 22; the Papyrus of Ani, plate 2; the _Todtenbuch_ of Lepsius, Chapters 16 and 126. I do not know how far it is correct to illustrate this undoubted origin of the Egyptian name for the Ape, as ‘the saluting one,’ by the following extract of a letter to Cuvier from M. Duvaucelle, about the Siamang apes in the neighbourhood of Bencoolen in Sumatra. “They assemble in numerous troops ... and thus united, they salute the rising and the setting sun with the most terrific cries, which may be heard at the distance of many miles; and which, when near, stun, when they do not frighten. This is the morning call of the mountain Malays, but to the inhabitants of the town, who are unaccustomed to it, it is a most insupportable annoyance.” In this place of the Book of the Dead the sign ⁂ is a mere determinative of the sound _aān_ with the notion of _salutation_, just as the sign ⁂ is a determinative of the sound _ȧb_ with the notion of _thirst_. The ‘saluters’ of the rising sun are neither real apes nor men but the “Spirits of the East” who, as we are told in an inscription of the tomb of Rameses VI, “effect the rising of Râ by opening the door at each of the four portals of the eastern horizon of heaven. They it is who light him on both sides, and go forth in advance of him.... And when he arises they turn into six cynocephali.”[10] The Egyptian words in the later texts are ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ the alternative reading being itself a proof that the difficulty of the text was already felt by some Egyptian scribe.