20. The ⁂⁂⁂ _Mesqȧt_ is a ⁂⁂⁂ ‘a place of scourging.’ The word ⁂⁂⁂ is known as signifying violent treatment by beating, and has been illustrated by Chabas and Goodwin. See _Zeitschr._, 1874, p. 62. In the 72nd chapter the deceased prays that he may not perish at the _Mesqȧt_. A kindred word ⁂⁂⁂⁂ _Mesqa_ signifies ‘a hide.’ We can understand the connection between δέρω ‘flay, cudgel, thrash’ and δέρμα ‘a hide.’ And we ourselves have the familiar phrase of ‘giving a _hiding_.’ But purification as well as punishment was found at the heavenly _mesqȧt_. It is mentioned in the Harris Magical papyrus[6, 3] simply as a heavenly thing. In the more recent scholia the purifier is said to be Anubis, who is behind the chest containing the remains of Osiris. After the scholion which has just been translated the early texts pass on to the 18th chapter. For the rest of the chapter we are compelled to follow the texts of the papyri. The character of this portion differs considerably from the former part, and is clearly an addition. The speakers rapidly succeed each other. “I am Tmu,” “I am Isis,” “I was conceived by Isis,” “Isis destroyeth what in me is wrong,” and finally “I am Uat’it.” 21. Cher-âbat and Heliopolis like all the localities here mentioned are in heaven not upon earth. 22. Uat’it is literally ‘the pale one,’ a name of the Dawn. But here the fiery dawn is spoken of, ἠώς φλογερά, πυρίβρομος. 23. Hemen ⁂⁂⁂ is a divinity seldom, if ever, mentioned after the “Middle Empire.” In the Pyramid texts he has a Snake (the River) in his hand. 24. The last line of the chapter has suffered in all the best papyri. See M. Naville’s collation. In the papyrus of Ani the chapter is unfinished. The later papyri end the chapter by saying that “it has been granted to the speaker by those who are in Tattu to destroy by fire the souls of his adversaries.” This consummation is already found in _La_. [Illustration] ----- Footnote 20: ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂, ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂, _praeconium_, _praeco_. Footnote 21: The god who lifteth up his arm is ⁂ Amsu. Footnote 22: ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ _ȧnem_ ‘skin,’ according to Horhotep and the first coffin of Mentuhotep at Berlin. But the second coffin of Mentuhotep has already ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ _ȧnḥu_ ‘eyebrows,’ which afterwards becomes the received reading. It is that of Queen Mentuhotep. Footnote 23: An interpolation in the text of Horhotep. Footnote 24: _Mission archéologique Française au Caire_, II. Footnote 25: Ovid, _Fast_, I, 129, 130. Footnote 26: Apocalypse i, 8. Footnote 27: The _last_ form of the chapter (as found in the hieratic papyrus T. 16 of Leyden, and others in the British Museum) changes the opening as follows—“I am Atmu, who made the Sky and created all that hath come into being.” Footnote 28: ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ in the historical inscriptions is just like the Greek γυῖα λέλυντο, λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἡτορ. Footnote 29: